CHEM 1112 -Test #3

Acid vs. Base

• Acid: A proton (H+) donor: is a substance that produced H+ ions in aqueous solution

• Base: A proton Acceptor: is a substance that produces OH- ions in aqueous solutions

Lewis Acid vs. Lewis Base

• Lewis Acid: electron pair acceptor

• Lewis Base: electron pair donor

Conjugate Base vs. Conjugate Acid

• Conjugate Base: the base formed when an acid donates a single proton

• Conjugate Acid: the acid formed when the accpetance of single proton by a base

What is the Auto IONIZATION of Water?

The K_w (Equil. constant of Water) ONLY AT 25*C is = 1.0×10^-14 and the equation is:

K_w = [H⁺]x[OH^-]

Where [H⁺] = [OH^-] = 1.0×10^-7

What is the K_a Represent?

K_a Represents the equilibrium constant for the dissociate of an acid (it indicates strength of Acid)

What is the formula for the Percent Ionization of a weak Acid

What are the types of Common Acids and Common Bases?

What is are Oxoacids?

acids that contain an inner atom bonded to a variable number of oxygen and acidic OH groups

Any acids with a _____ in their molecular formula is a weak Acid

CO₂H = usually weak acids

What can you tell about an acid if their K_a < 1?

Weak Acid

HIO₃ as its the most stable, contain more electronegative Ions (3O), has more resonance structures in respect with Oxygen.

What is the reaction of an Acid and Base called?

Acid-base neutrali

What do Buffers do?

resist changes in pH upon the addition of acid or base

Oxidized vs. Reduced

• Oxidized molecules lose electrons (thus they are the reducing agent)

• Reduced molecules gain electrons (thus they are the oxidizing agent)