Anatomie (Memorisation)/(Improved notes)

What are the three basic parts of human cells?

Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus.

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

It serves as a barrier and a method of transport for substances in and out of the cell.

Where does ATP synthesis occur in the cell?

In the mitochondria, which is known as the powerhouse of the cell.

What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.

How does rough endoplasmic reticulum assist in the cell?

It synthesizes phospholipids and helps with transport.

What differentiates smooth endoplasmic reticulum from rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid and steroid synthesis.

What do lysosomes do?

Lysosomes are sites of intracellular digestion.

What types of transport require ATP in cells?

Active transport requires ATP because it moves substances against their concentration gradient.

What are the two types of diffusion?

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.

What is osmosis?

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

What defines epithelial tissues?

Epithelial tissues are sheets of cells that form a body protective layer and are involved in absorption, secretion, and sensation.

What are the main types of connective tissues?

Mesenchyme, connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood.

What are the functions of connective tissues?

Binding or support, protection, insulation, storage, and transportation.

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Endocrine glands release hormones into the blood without ducts; exocrine glands secrete products into ducts.

What is the composition of the plasma membrane?

It consists of membrane lipids, proteins, glycolax, and forms cell junctions.

What are the three types of cell junctions?

Tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions.

What is the central nervous system (CNS)?

The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.

What is the distinction between the sensory and motor divisions of the PNS?

The sensory division transmits signals to the CNS, while the motor division transmits signals away from the CNS.

What are the two categories of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Sympathetic division and parasympathetic division.

What is the function of neuroglia?

Neuroglia (glial cells) support and protect neurons.

What is the study of tissues called?

Histology.

What is the definition of tonicity?

Tonicity is the ability of a solution to change the shape of a cell by affecting the plasma membrane tension.