AP World History Lecture Review Flashcards

Flashcards summarizing key historical vocabulary, states, and exam strategies discussed in the AP World History review session.

LEQ (Long Essay Question)

A history essay requiring a specific thesis, contextualization, evidence, and historical thinking skills for a total of six possible points.

DBQ (Document-Based Question)

A history essay worth seven points that requires using documents as evidence, sourcing, and providing outside historical evidence.

Complexity Point

A point earned in the LEQ by providing four specific examples or in the DBQ by using all seven documents and sourcing at least four.

CCOT

Historical thinking skill meaning 'Continuity and Change Over Time'.

Causation

A historical thinking skill focusing on cause and effect relationships.

Comparison

A historical thinking skill focused on identifying similarities and differences between states or periods.

Song Dynasty

Chinese dynasty (1200-1450) known for proto-industrialization, movable block printing, and the use of the civil service exam.

Proto-industrialization

A term describing the Song Dynasty's economy, which was industrialized to an extent but not fully in the modern sense.

Sino-Japanese War

A conflict between China and Japan that highlighted the success of Japan's Meiji Restoration compared to China's struggling Qing Dynasty reforms.

Meiji Restoration

The 1868 modernization process in Japan that copied Western military, government, and education systems.

Self-Strengthening Movement

A failed attempt by the Qing Dynasty to industrialize while trying to maintain traditional Confucian values and structures.

Abbasid Caliphate

An Islamic empire (1200-1450) that used the title of 'Caliph' to legitimize authority and was known for the House of Wisdom.

House of Wisdom

An intellectual center in Baghdad under the Abbasid Caliphate dedicated to translating texts and medical innovations.

Great Zimbabwe

A South African state (1200-1450) famous for monumental walled stone enclosures and its wealth from the gold trade.

Historical Situation

A sourcing skill where the writer explains what was happening in the world at the time a document was written, such as the Cold War or the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Sourcing

A required step in identifying the point of view, purpose, historical situation, or intended audience of a document.

Vijayanagara Empire

A centralized Hindu state in South Asia founded by two brothers from the Delhi Sultanate.

Astrolabe

A navigational instrument that diffused across trade networks and helped sailors determine latitude.

Lateen Sales

Triangular sails that catch wind from all directions, used on Chinese junks and later adapted by Europeans for caravels.

Tanzimat Reforms

A 19th-century 'reorganization' effort by the Ottoman Empire to modernize its legal system and industrialize.

Mamluks

Former slave-soldiers from the Abbasid Caliphate who eventually established their own state in Egypt.

Trading Post Empire

The type of maritime empire established by Portugal to tax trade rather than conquer large land masses.

Mahayana Buddhism

The school of Buddhism that spread into East Asia (China and Japan).

Theravada Buddhism

The school of Buddhism that spread into Southeast Asia.

Rajput Kingdoms

A collection of Hindu kingdoms in northern South Asia that were contemporaries of the Delhi Sultanate.

Khmer Empire

A land-based empire in Southeast Asia famous for the monumental architecture of Angkor Wat.

Great Mosque of Djenné

Monumental architecture in the Malian Empire built by Mansa Musa as part of the Trans-Saharan trade wealth.

Seljuk Turks

A nomadic group from Central Asia that conquered Southwest Asia and prohibited European pilgrims from the Holy Land, leading to the Crusades.

Ethiopia

An East African state unique for its rock-carved Orthodox Christian churches, such as the Church of Saint George.

United Fruit Co.

A U.S. company involved in the 1954 Guatemalan coup where the CIA overthrew Jacobo Árbenz over land redistribution policies.

Détente

A policy of relaxing Cold War tensions between the U.S. and Soviet Union, exemplified by Nixon and Brezhnev meeting.

MAD (Mutual Assured Destruction)

A Cold War policy where superpowers avoided direct conflict because it would result in the total destruction of both sides.

Trench Warfare

A defensive military tactic of WWI necessitated by the invention of the machine gun.

Treaty of Versailles

The treaty that ended WWI and broke up major empires like the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires into mandates.

Yaa Asantewaa

The leader of the Ashanti people who led a resistance war against British imperialism over the Golden Stool.

Pax Mongolica

A period of 'Mongol Peace' that facilitated easier travel and trade across the Silk Road.

Spheres of Influence

Areas of China carved out and controlled economically by European powers like Britain, Germany, France, and Russia.

Lenin

The leader of the Russian Revolution who brought communism to the Soviet Union and introduced state-led modernization.

Srivijaya and Majapahit

Southeast Asian states (1200-1450) that grew wealthy by taxing trade through the Straits of Malacca.

Boer Wars

Conflicts between British imperialists and Dutch settlers (Boers) over gold and diamonds in South Africa.

Encomienda System

A Spanish labor system where native peoples were forced to work on land in exchange for food and conversion to Christianity.

White Australia Policy

A policy designed to keep Australia 'white' by excluding non-European immigrants during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Tiananmen Square Protest (1989)

A student-led protest in China for free speech and government reform that was violently suppressed by the military.

Qing Imperial Portraits

Portraits used by the Manchu Qing rulers to legitimize their authority and suggest they were traditional Chinese emperors.

Non-Aligned Movement

A Cold War policy led by figures like Nehru (India) and Nasser (Egypt) to remains neutral between the U.S. and USSR.

Prague Spring (1968)

An attempt at reform in Czechoslovakia that was put down by a Soviet invasion under the Brezhnev Doctrine.

Deng Xiaoping

The Chinese leader after Mao who modernized China’s economy through Special Economic Zones and private investment.