AP World Unit 1

What were the 3 main states in East Asia during 1200 - 1450?

China, Japan, and Korea.

What philosophy did the Song Dynasty use to promote moral governance?

Confucianism, specifically Neo-Confucianism.

What does Filial Piety emphasize in Confucianism?

The honoring of ancestors.

What significant change did Neo-Confucianism bring during the Song period?

It combined Confucianism and Buddhism principles.

How did Confucianism impact gender roles in society?

It promoted patriarchy, where women were forced to obey and underwent foot-binding.

What was foot-binding and its significance in Chinese society?

A practice where wealthy young girls tightly wrapped their feet, signifying status and power.

What system did the Song Dynasty use to recruit government officials?

Imperial Bureaucracy and the Civil-Service Exam.

What was the primary requirement to pass the Civil Service Exam?

Mastery of Confucianism.

How did Korea and Japan differ in their governmental structures?

Korea copied China due to direct influence, while Japan had a feudal system with no pressure from China.

What economic activities contributed to China's prosperity during this period?

Production of iron and steel, agricultural advancements like Champa rice, and extensive trade networks.

What were the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism?

Life is suffering due to craving; cessation of craving can lead to nirvana.

What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

Shahada, Salat, Sawm, Zakat, and Hajj.

Who was the founder of the Abbasid Caliphate?

The Abbasid Caliphate was founded in the 8th century, replacing the Umayyad Empire.

What was Sufism in relation to Islam?

A form of Islam focusing on mystical experiences accessible to all classes.

What was the significance of the Grand Canal in China?

It improved trade by connecting major rivers, facilitating easier transportation.

What is the significance of the Vijayanagara Empire?

It was a Hindu empire founded by two Muslim missionaries who reverted to Hinduism.

What was the impact of the Crusades in Europe?

Although aimed to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslims, they failed and heightened tensions with Jewish populations.

What cultural revival took place in Europe during the 1300s?

The Renaissance, focusing on the resurgence of Greek and Roman arts.

What were the hardships faced by Europe during 1250-1400?

High murder and crime rates, malnourishment, and high child mortality.

Who was Nasir Al-Din Al-Tusi and what was his contribution to science?

He invented trigonometry to understand celestial movements.

What was the role of the middle class in Europe during this period?

A newly emerging class between nobles and peasants, with distinct economic influence.

What was the significance of the Srijavaya Empire?

A Buddhist empire that controlled a vital sea trade route, the Strait of Malacca.