ARC 308 - Exam 1

Bishop's Palace, Galveston, Texas, 1886-1891

Nicholas John Clayton

Foam House, Austin, Texas, 1969 ff.

Charles Harker

The Parthenon, Athens, 447-430 B.C.

St. Peter's, Rome 1505-1626

Bramante, Sangallo, Michelangelo, Della Porta, Maderno, Bernini et al

Library, San Antonio, Texas, 1995

Ricardo Legorreta

Farm, Gut Garkau, Germany, 1924-25

Hugo Haering

Barcelona Pavilion, 1929

Mies van der Rohe

Illinois Institute of Technology Campus, Chicago, 1938-1958

Mies van der Rohe

Farnsworth House, Plano, IL , 1945

Mies van der Rohe

Cathedral of Light, Nuremberg, Germany, 1937

Albert Speer

Nazi Party Rally Grounds, Nuremberg, Germany, 1937-1943

Albert Speer

New State Chancellery, Berlin, 1937

Albert Speer

Plans for Berlin, 1938-1943

Albert Speer,

Cathedral, Chartres, France (balance), 1194-1220

Chateau de Vaux-le-Vicomte, France (scale/symmetry), 1656-61

Le Vau/Le Notre/Le Brun

Taj Mahal, Agra, India (proportion), 1653-51

Shah Jahan

Temple of Heaven, Beijing - Ming Dynasty, 1406-1420

colors

Chapel, Ronchamp, France (spirituality and irregular rhythm), 1950-53

Le Corbusier

Sydney Opera House - (emblem for country, sailboat), 1956-73

Jorn Utzon

Villa Rotunda, Vicenza, Italy - , 1550

Palladio

Dormitory, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Penn, 1960

Louis I. Kahn, *COKE BOTTLES*

San Carlo alla Quattro Fontane, Rome - , 1641

Borromini, AWESOME BUILDING SQUEEZED ONTO SMALL STREET

S. Andrea, Mantua, Italy, 1470

Alberti, curved pillars as support

Schroeder House, Utrecht, Holland, 1924

Gerritt Rietveld, tech, abstract planes

Centre Pompidou, Paris, 1976

Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers

Centraal Beheer Offices, Apeldoorn, Netherlands - 1974

Herman Hertzberger, TARTAN GRID,

Sarabhai Residence, Ahmedabad, India, 1952

Le Corbusier, TUBES OF SPACE, NATURE

Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX, 1972

Louis Khan, TUBES OF SPACE,

Modern Art Museum, Forth Worth, TX, 2002

Tadao Ando, TUBES OF SPACE,

Pyramids, Giza, Egypt, 2650-2500 B.C.

MATHEMATICAL

Library, Stockholm, Sweden, 1920-1928

Gunnar Asplund, shapes + prestige

Guggenheim Museum, New York, 1956-1959

Frank Lloyd Wright, MOVEMENT & SPACE

U.S. Pavilion at Expo, Montreal, Canada, 1967

Buckminster Fuller, CONNECTION TO NATURE, LIGHT

Houses, 1967-1969

Peter Eisenman, FUNCTION FOLLOWS FORM

Zollverein School of Design, Essen, Germany, 2006

Kazuyo Sejima, ASYMMETRICAL WINDOWS

Rock-Cut Houses, Cappadocia Region, Turkey

NATURAL FORCES, MATERIAL, HUMANISM

Wat Arun and Royal Palace, Bangkok, Thailand

Royal Palace, Bangkok, Thailand

NATURE/BIO/ORGANISMS = INSPO, ROOF = LONG FINGERNAILS OF THAI DANCERS

Casa Mila, Barcelona, Spain, 1906-1910

Antoni Gaudi

Parc Guell, Barcelona, Spain, 1900-1914

Antoni Gaudi

TWA Terminal, Kennedy, Airport, New York - , 1956-62

Eero Saarinen, bird, nature

"Dipoli" Student Union, Otaniemi, Finland , 1966

Reima and Raili Pietila

Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain, 1997

Frank Gehry

Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris, 1997

Frank Gehry, merged landscape and construction

Phaeno Science Center, Wolfsburg, Germany - Zaha Hadid

NATURE AND GEOMETRY, APPEARS TO HOVER, ALIEN

Capitol Buildings, Dacca, Bangladesh, 1962-1974

Louis Khan,

Disney Concert Hall -

Frank Gehry

Chapel of St. Ignatius, Seattle University, WA , 1998

Steven Holl,

Museum of Contemporary Art of the XXI Century, Kanazawa, Japan, 2004

Kazuyo Sejima

Jewish Museum, Berlin, 1999

Daniel Libeskind

National Museum of African American History and Culture, Washington D.C - David Adjaye, 2016

SYNTHESIS OF FORM

Architecture definitions

- the physical embodiment of who we are as individuals and who we are collectively as a culture
- underlying structure of anything

4 parameters for values

1. intrinsic personality
2. time period
3. place/setting
4. your own judgement

Vitruvian Triad

firmness (physical considerations), commodity (human factors & function), delight (form)

order, complexity, technique

Architecture talks to your head in these ways...

Mysticism
prestige
structural sense
iconic
intellectual puzzle

Reasons for using numbers/math/geometry in architecture

In his chapter on "Hearing Architecture" Rasmussen observes which of the following about the relationship between church design and church music?

Every large church interior has its own voice, its special possibilities, which can produce and accommodate different types of music.

In discussing rhythm in architecture, Rasmussen seems to favor:

regular, repetitive patterns of solid/void/solid/void which is orderly and easy to grasp—like the Quirinal Palace in Rome.

In class we discussed the villas of Andrea Palladio—especially the Villa Rotunda. Rasmussen makes a number of references to Palladio's work but devotes several pages in particular to his Villa Foscari of which Rasmussen observes:

similar characteristics as those noted in class—well proportioned rooms which all relate to each other and to the whole in an integral way.

In his chapter on "Contrasting Effects of Solids and Cavities" Rasmussen discusses two architects whose work we looked at in class—Borromini, whose work is Baroque, and Frank Lloyd Wright, whose work is modern. What is the point he makes in comparing Frank Lloyd Wright's work to that of Borromini and other Baroque architects?

Many of Wright's buildings have Baroque traits. He works with contrasting forms, curves which change from concave to convex, and interpenetrating architectural volumes.

In the lecture on "Nature/Biology/Organisms as Inspiration of Form" the work of Antonio Gaudi was observed to:

Derive its form in part from local qualities of landscape in the region which Gaudi admired.

Which of the following is the Fibonacci series as described in the lecture on "Numbers/Mathematics/Geometry as an Inspiration for Form"?

1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144

Which of the following best describes sources of form for St. Ignatius Chapel as described in the last lecture of this segment?

It's consistently clean, crisp, rectangular forms indicate its dominant origins in mathematics and geometry.

Compare and contrast the south facade and the north facade of HLB in terms of their visual beauty. Use the five most cogent of the twelve elements of form discussed in the lecture on "Sensual/Visual Form" in your analysis. Which facade is more beautiful? Why?

-South Facade: Less appealing, more traditional w UT limestone materials, rhythm in hooded roof tiles, recalls previous buildings with hooded cover, horizontal & vertical lines, no particular pattern for windows

-North Facade: More Appealing, recalls Centre Pompidou, floor to ceiling glass windows, able to see diagonal of stairs and movement inside, rhythm in windows, vertical and horizontal grid

In two of the latter lectures of this segment we discussed two seminal sources for form- Numbers/ Mathematics / Geometry and Nature/Biology/ Organisms. Using the material in those lectures, analyze the sources of form in the Little field Home LFH. You need only look at the exterior. It is not important to go inside. Pay particular attn. to building detail.

number/math - geometric shapes, curving lines, biology/ nature- color of deep reds and browns are reminiscent of abundant central texas clay. in the details, shingles are flower petal shaped, butterflies in railing, rooster even ascension of windows, geometric turret and steeple shapes, not symmetrical, similar to bishop's palace in that the turret and steeple do create a balance on both sides of building. rhythm in details of the metal swirls

Describe the acoustical qualities of the Rotunda under the dome of the State Capitol Building using the sort of vocabulary Rasmussen has used in the chapter on "Hearing Architecture." At a minimum, you must discuss reverberation, "the way the acoustical qualities make the room feel," sound absorption, and the impact of "textural effects." Analyze why the space sounds the way it does. Are these acoustical qualities appropriate?

Definitely a "cold" room, hard sound reverberates, acoustically effective, domed ceiling makes sound linger, appropriate- building is meant to make you feel like it has power, capitol should feel important, you feel the separation of government and its citizens

12 Elements of Form:

1. Balance
2. Proportion
3. Line
4. Light
5. Symmetry
6. Space
7. Shape
8. Scale
9. Material
10. Rhythm
11. Texture
12. Color

Denver Museum of Art, Denver CO, 2006

Daniel Libeskind, gestures towards civic center