American Pageant Ch 23 Question Review By Luke Dugoni ft. Justin Anderson and Pun (edited by Ashton Wong and Bennett Enright)

What was the U.S. population in 1870?

What was the percent increase from 1860?

39 million

26.6% increase from 1860

By population, where did the US rank in largest country? What countries were ahead of them?

Third

Russia and France

What was Grant's hometown?

Galena, Illinois

What cities presented Grant with a house? What did New York give Grant?

Philadelphia, Washington, and Galena

Check for $105,000

What did Grant remark about Venice, Italy?

Venice would be a fine city if only it were drained

What party nominated Grant in 1868? What was Grant's campaign slogan? What river was Grant's tomb by that had the slogan engraved on it?

the Republican Party

"Let us have peace"

Hudson River

What called for war bonds to be redempted in greenbacks?

Ohio Idea

Who was the democratic candidate in the 1868 election?

New York governor Horatio Seymour

How did the Republican party whip up enthusiasm for Grant?

What would it do?

"Waving the bloody shirt"

revive gory memories of civil war

What powerful Republican campaign slogan was aimed Union army veterans?

Vote as You Shot

What was the result in the 1868 election in the electoral college? Popular vote?

214 votes to 80 votes

3,013,421 to 2,706,826

Both in Grant's favor

How many states were still unreconstructed by the election? What were the states?

3

Mississippi, Texas, Virginia

How many former slaves voted for Grant?

500,000

Republicans could not take future victories ________

"For Granted"

What was said the Man in the Moon had to do?

had to hold his nose when passing over America

What did freewheeling railroad promoters leave gullible bond buyers with?

"two steaks of rust and a right of way"

Who were notorious millionaire partners during the Era of Good Stealings that would bid the price of gold skyward?

What would they provide?

What plot did they concocted in 1869?

"Jubilee Jim" Fisk and Jay Gould;

Fisk provided "brass", Gould provided brain

plot to corner gold market

Who received $25,000 for their complicity?

Grant's Brother in Law

On what day was gold finally released? What was the actual date?

Black Friday

September 24, 1869

What displayed the ethics typical of the age? Who employed bribery, graft, and fraudulent elections to mike the metropolis? How much money did he milk/steal?

Tweed Ring

Burly "Boss" Tweed

200 million

How much did Tweed weigh?

240 pounds of rascality

Who secured evidence against Tweed?

How much were they offered not to publish the evidence?

What did Tweed complain that his illiterate followers could not help seeing?

What attorney headed the prosecution and what would it lead them to be nominated for?

The New York Times

5 million

"them damn pictures"

Samuel J. Tilden, president

Who was a gifted cartoonist who pilloried Tweed mercilessly?

Thomas Nast

What were favor seekers plying Grant with?

cigars, wines, and horses

What scandal was created by Union Pacific Railroad insiders who were cleverly hiring themselves at inflated prices to build the railroad line? Who did they distributed the shares of its valuable stock to for keeping the scheme secret? What percent were they earning dividends?

Crédit Mobilier Scandal

key Congressmen

348%

What did a newspaper expose and congressional investigation of the Credit Mobiler Scandal lead to the formal censure of?

What did it lead to the revelation of?

two congressmen;

vice president accepted payments from Credit Mobilier

Who robbed millions in excise tax revenue from the Treasury? What did Grant declare pertaining to the robbery? Who in Grant's administration was a culprit?

Whiskey Ring in 1874-1875

"Let no guilty man escape"

Grant's private secretary (Babcock)

Who was forced to resign after pocketing bribes from suppliers to the Indian reservations? How did Grant accept his resignation?

Secretary of War William Belknap

"With great regret"

What party was formed by reform-minded citizens who were disgusted in Grantism? What was their slogan? What did they urge the purification of?

Liberal Republican party

Turn the Rascals Out

Washington Administration and end to Military Reconstruction

Who did the Liberal Republican Party nominate for the presidency? What were they the editor of? Where did they meet to nominate them?

Horace Greeley

New York Tribune

Cincinnati

In swallowing Greeley the Democrats ________.

Ate crow

What did Greeley plead for?

Whose bailbond was Greeley a cosigner of?

For clasping hands across "the bloody chasm"

Jefferson's Davis

What did the Republicans chant in the 1872 election?

Grant us another term

What was the Electoral vote and the popular vote in the 1872 election for Grant vs Greeley?

286 to 66

3,596,745 to 2,843,446

Both favoring Grant

What was passed to remove political disabilities from all but some 500 former Confederate leaders?

a general amnesty act

What were two things the Republican Congress in 1872 was moved to do?

reduce high Civil War Tariffs

fumigate Grant administration with mild civil-service reform

What was one of those periodic plummets that rollercoasterd the economy in this age of unbridled capitalist expansion?

How many American businesses went bankrupt?

Panic of 1873

15,000

In what city did an army of unemployed, riotously battle police?

Who was hardest hit?

Who had made unsecured loans to several companies that went under?

How much money did Black depositors lose?

Black economic development and confidence in savings institutions went down with what?

New York

Black Americans

Freedman's saving and trust

7 million

the money

Hard times inflicted the worst punishment on?

What did this cause them to intensify their clamor for?

What was greenback money also known as?

How many greenbacks were issued during the war?

*How did the Supreme Court grow to its current size of nine justices?

debtors

inflationary policies

"folding money"

$450 million

Grant added two justices to the bench who could be counted on to reverse the ruling that the Civil War Legal Tender Act of 1870 was unconstitutional

What was removed from circulation in 1868 by the Treasury?

How much money was removed?

What group looked forward to its complete disappearance?

What group claimed for a reissuance of the greenbacks?

What did the creditors want?

Battle-born currency

100 million

Hard-money people

"Cheap-money" people

inflation, not deflation

Who persuaded Grant to veto a bill to print more paper money?

What pledged the government to the further withdrawal of greenbacks from circulation and to the redemption of all paper currency in gold at face value?

"hard-money" advocates

Resumption Act of 1875

What metal did debtors now look to? What was the metal's nickname? How much did the Treasury claim it was worth compared to gold?

When did Congress formally drop the coinage of silver dollars in?

How did fate then play a sly joke?

Silver

Sacred white metal

1/16

1873

new silver discovery later in the 1870's that shot production up and forced silver prices down

Westerners from silver-mining states joined with debtors in assailing the?

Then demanding a return to the?

What was silver another scheme of to promote?

"Crime of '73"

"Dollar of Our Daddies"

inflation

What was the policy of accumulating gold stocks against the appointed day for resumption of metallic-money payments known as?

How much did the amount of money per capita in circulation decrease from 1870 to 1880?

While contraction probably worsened the depression, what did it help with?

"contraction"

$19.42. to $19.37

restore the government's credit rating and greenbacks

What backlash resulted from the Republican hard-money policy?

Democratic House of Representatives in 1874, spawned Greenback Labor Party in 1878- polled over a million votes and elected 14 members of Congress

What was a sarcastic name given in 1873 to the three-decade-long post-Civil War era?

Who named it?

How many times did the majority party switch in the House from 1869 to 1891?

How many times did the same party control the House, the Senate, and the White House?

The Gilded Age

Mark Twain

6 times in the eleven sessions

only 3 times

Did a lot of significant economic issues separate the major parties?

Were the parties ferociously competitive with each other?

In the three decades after the Civil War, what percent of eligible voters casted their vote?

What was rare on election days? How rare was it?

no

yes

80%

"ticket splitting" or failing to vote the straight party line

as rare as a silver dollar

Republican voters tended to adhere to those creeds that trace their lineage to?

Which party stressed strict codes of personal morality and believed that government should play a role in regulating both the economic and the moral affairs of society?

What voters tended to figure heavily in the Democratic party?

Which parties religions professed tolerance of differences in an imperfect world, and they spurned government efforts to impose a single moral standard on the entire society?

What issues loomed large at local political contests?

Puritanism

Rebuplicans

immigrant Lutherans and Roman Catholics

Democrats

prohibition and education

Which members of the South continued to vote Republican, in significant numbers?

What was known as a politically potent fraternal organization of several hundred thousand Union veterans of the Civil War?

Freedmen

GAR (Grand Army of the Republic)

What was the lifeblood of both parties?

How did it work?

What unblushingly embraced the time-honored system of swapping civil-service jobs for voters?

Who was it led by?

What was their nickname?

What were the followers labeled as?

Who were opposed to the them?

Who was the champion of the group opposed to them?

What was their followers labeled as?

What were both parties successful in?

Patronage

disturbed jobs by the bucketful in return for votes, kickbacks, and party service

"Stalwart" faction

Roscoe Conkling, U.S senator from New York

"Lord Roscoe"

Conklingites

Half-Breeds

James G. Blaine of Maine

Blaineites

only in stalemating each other and deadlocking their party

Hangers-on around Grant, like fleas urging their ailing dog to live, begged the "Old Man" to?

How much did Grant lose by?

try for a third term

233 to 18

In the election of 1876 who did the Republican party nominate - compromise candidate?

What was he dubbed?

What position did he hold before?

What state produced more than its share of presidential candidates?

Rutherford B. Hayes

"The Great Unknown"

Governor of Ohio for three terms

Ohio and its "Swing" votes

Who was the Democratic candidate in 1876?

What were they famous for?

How many of the 185 needed votes did Tilden rack up?

How many states were doubtful because of irregular returns for Tilden?

How many votes did those four states give for Tilden?

Who polled more than 247,448 popular votes?

Samuel J. Tilden

Bagging Boss Tweed in New York

184

4, 3 of them in the south

20

Tilden (4,284,020 to 4,035,572)

What were the states that were contested in the election of 1876?

Who was sent there to gain support for their party?

Each state submitted two sets of returns, one Democratic and one Republican, what problem occurred?

Louisiana, South Carolina, and Florida

"visiting Statesmen"

Who should count them

What were the states that were contested?

Who was sent there to gain support for their party?

Each state submitted two sets of returns, one Democratic and one Republican, what problem occurred?

What danger loomed due to this?

That there would be no inaguration Day, March 4 1877

What did Democratic hotheads cry during the election of 1876?

What were the members labeled as?

How did statesmen, hammering out to solve the issue in the 1876 election solve the problem?

In whose tradition did they do this out of?

"Tilden or Blood"

"Minute Men"

Compromise of 1877

Henry Clay

nWhat set up an electoral commission?

How many members did it include?

Electoral Count Act

15 men selected from the Senate, the House, and the Supreme Court

How was the roll of the states counted off?

What was the voting regarding Florida in the 1876 election?

Outraged democrats in Congress, smelling defeat undertook to launch what filibuster?

alphabetically

8 to 7 favoring the Republicans

"Until hell froze over"

What was promised in the Compromise of 1877?

Which parts of the compromise were promised, but not kept?

Only how many days before the new president was officially sworn into office did the explosive issue finally settle?

Removal of troops in Louisiana and South Carolina, support for bill subsidizing the Texas and Pacific Railroad's construction of a southern transcontinental line

Texas and Pacific subsidy

3 days

What led to the Republican party quietly abandoning its commitment to racial equality?

Hayes-Tilden Deal

What guaranteed equal accommodations in public places and prohibited racial discrimination in jury selection?

How long did it take for this act to be actually enforced?

The Supreme Court pronounced much of the act unconstitutional in the?

The court declared that what amendment prohibited only government violations of civil rights, not the denial of civil rights by individuals?

The Civil Rights Act of 1875

nearly a century

Civil Rights Cases (1883)

Fourteenth Amendment

What marked the end of reconstruction?

What group reassumed political power in the South and exercised it ruthlessly after the end of Reconstruction?

What happened to blacks who tried to assert their rights?

President Hayes withdrawal of blue-clad soilders fromf southern states

White democrats (Redeemers)

faced unemployment, eviction, or physical harm

What were many blacks (and poor white farmers) forced into?

What did blacks former masters become?

Through what system did storekeepers extend credit to small farmers for food and supplies and in return took a percentage of their harvest?

Who manipulated the system so taht farmers remained perpetually in debt to them?

Sharecropping and tenant farming

Their landlords and creditors

Crop-lien system

shrewd farmers

With white southerners back in the political saddle, what grew increasingly oppressive?

What systematic state-level legal codes of segregation were developed in the 1890s?

How did southern states ensure full-scale disfranchisement of the South's freedmen?

daily discrimination against blacks

Jim Crow laws

literacy requirements, voter-registration laws, and poll taxes and tolerated intimidation of black voters

When would the second Reconstruction occur?

* When was the worst year of lynching?

nearly a century later

1892

In what case did the Supreme Court validate the South's segregationist social order of the Jim Crow laws?

What did it rule?

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

"separate but equal" facilities were constitutional under the "equal protection" clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Who was hit especially hard during the panic of 1873?

What did the presidents of the nation's four largest railroads collectively decide in 1877?

President Haye's decision to call in federal troops to quell the unrest triggered?

Work stoppages spread like wildfire in cities from?

How many people died by the end of the labor strikes?

railroad workers

lower employees' wages by 10 percent

outpouring of support from working-class support

Baltimore to St. Louis

over 100

In what year did the FBI begin to collect statistics on hate crimes?

1992

Racial and ethnic fissures among workers fractured?

In what groups were divisions particularly popular?

What percent of California's population was Chinese in 1880?

Where did they arrive from?

Why had they originally come to America?

What did the Chinese do once gold petered out and tracks had been laid?

Labor unity

Irish and the Chinese in California

75,000 or 9%

Taishan district of K'uanf-t'ung (Guangdong) Providence in Southern China

dig in the goldfields and to sledgehammer the tracks of the transcontinental railroad

about half returned home

What happened to the Chinese who remained in America?

What jobs did they work?

What did they lack, that other immigrant communities had?

What term emerged in this era to describe the daunting odds against which they struggled?

faced extraordinary hardships

cooks, laundrymen, or domestic servants

children (who would have eased their parent's assimilation through their exposure to the English language and American customs in school)

"not a Chinaman's chance"

What man incited violent abuse on the Chinese in San Francisco?

What nationality was he?

What were his followers called (two names)?

What did his followers call the Chinese?

Why did his followers resent the Chinese?

How did they terrorize the Chinese?

The present tens of thousands of Chinese ________ were regarded as a menace, the prospective millions as a ______?

Denis Kearney

Irish

Kearneyites and Beef-eaters

Rice-eaters

competition for cheap labor

cut of their precious pigtails

"coolies" ; calamity

What prohibited nearly all further immigration from China?

When did America start allowing Chinese immigrants in again?

What Supreme Court case ruled that all people born in the United States were guaranteed citizenship even the Chinese?

What was this called?

What did it base citizenship on?

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

1943

U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark

Birthright Citizenship or jus soli (right of the soil)

jus sanguinis (right of the blood-tie)

parents nationality

What was a nickname for President Hayes?

Who was the Republican candidate in the 1880 election?

Where was he from?

Who was his Vice President's running mate?

Who was the Democratic candidate in the 1880 election?

Why was he famous?

Who Won?

"Rutherfraud" Hayes

Dark Horse James A. Garfield

Ohio

Chester A. Arthur

Winfield Scott Hancock

Civil War hero

Garfield

Between who did a political conflict arise at the start of Garfield's presidency?

Who shot President Garfield?

Where was he shot?

How long did Garfield linger in agony before dying?

When seized, what did Guiteau cry?

What was the implication of Guiteau's actions?

Guiteau's inability to distinguish between right from wrong was an early instance of?

What was the verdict?

Secretary of State James G. Blaine and Senator Roscoe Conkling

Charles J. Guiteau

Washington railroad station

11 weeks

"I am a Stalwart. Arthur is now President of the United States."

Conklingites would all get good jobs

Insanity Defense

Guiteau was found guilty of murder and was hanged

What was the one positive outcome of Garfield's death?

Who was the unlikely instrument of reform?

How many pairs of trousers did they own - suggesting he was little more than a foppish dandy?

reforming the spoils system

Chester Arthur

80

What made compulsory campaign contributions from federal employees illegal?

What did it also establish?

What was it labeled as?

Pendleton Act of 1883

establish a civil service commission (make appointments to federal jobs on the basis of competitive examinations rather than"pull")

Magna Carta of civil-service reform

At first, how much did civil service reform affect federal jobs?

What was money called?

Who was adept at milking dollars from manufacturers and lobbyists?

What did the Pendleton Act drive politicians into?

only 10% of them

Mother's milk of politics

a new breed of "boss"

"marriages of convenience" with big-business leaders

Who took over office after Garfield died?

After a hard term, what did he die of?

Chester A. Arthur

Cerebral hemorrhage

Who would be nominated for the Republicans in the election of 1884?

James G. Blaine

Reformers that were unable to swallow Blaine and bolted to the Democrats were called?

What did the word mean of Indian derivation?

*Latter-day punsters gibed what about the reformers?

Mugwumps

"sanctimonious" or "holier-than-thou"

Mugwumps are priggish politicians who sat on the fence with their "mugs" on one side and their "wumps" on the other

James G. Blaine was blessed with every political aspect except?

What was written by James Blaine to a Boston businessman that linked him to a corrupt deal involving federal favors to a southern railroad?

One of the Letters ended with the warning?

honesty

"Mulligan Letters"

"Burn this letter

Who went from mayor's office in Buffalo to governor of New York to presidential nomination in only 3 years?

What did they have a taste for?

What was their well-deserved nickname?

Grover Cleveland

chewing tobacco

"Grover the Good"

What had resolute Republicans, digging for dirt in the past of Bachelor Cleveland found?

What resulted from it?

Democrats urged Cleveland to lie, but what did he do?

report that he had been involved in an amorous affair with a Buffalo widow

a son, 8 years old

insisted to "Tell the truth"

*Did Cleveland serve in the Civil War?

Even the bloody shirt had faded to a?

What claimed the headlines?

What did Democrats shout during Cleveland's campaign?

What did Republicans taunt in return?

What did Democrats shout back?

Where did the contest hinge upon?

Sent a substitute - looked after family

Pale pink

Personalities not principales

"Burn, burn, burn this letter!"

"Ma, ma, where's my pa"

"Gone to the White house ha ha ha!"

New York

What speech, with one insulting swift stroke, did Republican clergymen upset the culture, the faith, and the patriotism of New York's numerous Irish-American voters?

What was the speech shortened to - helped give Cleveland the Presidency?

How much did Cleveland win by?

"Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion"

"RRR"

30,000 votes

Cleveland was the first Democrat to take the oath of presidential office since?

The Democratic Party was known as the?

Buchanan - 28 years earlier

party of disunion

How tall was Cleveland?

How much did he weigh?

5 feet 11 inches

250 pounds

How did the new president cause the hearts of business people and bankers to throb with contentment?

What bill did Cleveland veto in 1877?

"Though the people support the government he declared," the government should?

hands-off creed of laissez-faire

bill to provide seeds for drought-ravaged Texas farmers

not support its people

How did Cleveland narrow the North-South chasm?

How many of his federal employees did he fire?

How many of them were Republicans?

Who did he make room for?

Naming two former confederates to his cabinet

2/3 of the 120,000

40,000

"deserving Democrats"

What gave Cleveland some of his most painful political headaches?

What routinely lobbied hundreds of private pension bills through a compliant Congress?

Military pensions

GAR (Grand army of the republic)

By 1881, the Treasury was running an annual surplus amounting to an embarassing

Most of the government's income, in those pre-income tax days, came from?

$145 million

the tariff

What did Cleveland appeal that would deeply frustrate democrats?

What did Blaine gloat as Cleveland would lower tariffs?

To Lower Tariffs

"There's one more President for us in [tariff] protection"

What would be the real issue that would divide the two parties as the 1888 election loomed?

What did the two parties flood the country with on the subject?

Tariffs

10 million pamphlets

Where would dismayed democrats, seeing no alternative, renominate Cleveland?

St. Louis Convention

Who did republicans nominate in the election of 1888?

Who was their grandfather?

Benjamin Harrison

William Henry "Tippecanoe" Harrison

How much did Republicans raise a war chest of after demonstrating the post-Pendleton Act politics of alliances with big business?

How would they gain this money?

$3 million

by "frying the fat" out of nervous industrialists

What was the electoral vote between Harrison and Cleveland?

A change of how many votes in New York would have reversed the outcome?

233 to 168

7000

Cleveland was the first sitting president to be voted out of his chair since who?

Martin Van Buren in 1840

What was a crucial swing state in the 1888 election?

How much were votes purchased for in the state?

Indiana

$20 each

Who was the new Republican Speaker of the House in 1888?

How tall was he?

Thomas Reed

6 feet 3 inches