Chapter 1 test

Which development most contributed to the rise of complex societies?

Systematic agriculture

What conclusion have archaeologists made about Çatalhöyük?

It was one of the earliest urban settlements.

What was a significant achievement of the Sumerians?

The construction of ziggurats.

How did the Nile River contribute to ancient Egyptian civilization?

It supported agriculture through predictable flooding.

What was a key feature of Hammurabi’s Laws?

Harsh and proportional punishments.

How did geography influence the development of ancient Mesopotamian societies?

It encouraged the use of irrigation systems.

How did systematic agriculture lead to the growth of trade and specialization?

Systematic agriculture provided a stable food surplus.

What role did the Nile River play in the rise of ancient Egypt?

The Nile provided fertile soil through annual flooding, supporting agriculture.

What contributed to the rise and fall of Egypt’s Middle Kingdom?

Rise: Expansion of increased trade and strong government; Fall: Weak rulers and internal struggles.

What challenges did hunter-gatherer societies face, and how did they overcome them?

Finding food was uncertain; they moved often to follow food sources.

What cultural and technological achievements of the Sumerians remain relevant today?

Cuneiform writing, which inspired later writing systems.