TOB Exam S2 VOCAB

a state of reality that can change depending on who is perceiving it, or where or when it is being perceived

Subjective truth

A state of reality that is either self evident or that people can verify by using their five senses

Objective truth

Something can not both be and not be at the same time in the same way

Principle of noncontraditcion

The study of whats true abt reality versus what's not true

Philosophy

Good or evil nature of human actions

Morality

a set of standards by which a community judges the rightness or wrongness of human actions

Ethics

There are no real objective standards for determining right or wrong conduct

Ethical reletivism

Goodness is an actual reality that exists in itself.

Objective ethics

A proposition is true is all of the majority if ppl believe it's true

Consensus truth theory

Proposition is true if it can be argued to with logical consistency

Coherence truth theory

Proposition is true if it corresponds with or matches reality

Correspondance truth theory

Clear and logical thinking

Reason

The ability of reason that allows the ability to apply morals to a current situation

Conscience

The power rooted in reason and will, to act or not to act, to do this or do that, and so to perform deliberate actions on one's own

Freedom

"Freedom from"—the right to individually determine what's good, right, and just with no outside arbiter

Freedom of indifference

"Freedom to"—being free to love, serve, worship, and be the ppl God made us to be w/o constraints of sin holding us back

Freedom for excellence

The source of all law, God Himself: the eternal and unchanging Truth outside of time and space

eternal law

Humans' participation in the eternal law by reading whats written upon our hearts through the use of our reason; unchanging and permanent throughout history

Natural law

Those things to which we have as just claim bc we need them in order to fulfill moral responsibilities of our human nature

Human rights

Set of laws ppl make by their own powers such as the laws of various federal, state, and local govs

Civil law

The law that comes to us from God's revelation in history, begun with the Ten Commandments and the prophets, brought to fulfillment by Christ, and further elucidated by the Magisterium

divine law

Laws in the Old Testament given by God to His chosen ppl and summarized in the 10 commandments

Old law

Law of the New Testament established by Jesus found especially in the teaching of the sermon on the mount and the 2 great commandments. It is perfection here on earth of the divine law, natural & revealed

New law

10 rules for moral life given by God to His chosen ppl thru Moses on Mt. Sinai, the first 3 teach how to love God, the last 7 teach how to love our neighbors as ourselves

10 commandments

Less serious sin that hurts our relationship with God but doesn't destroy it

Venial sin

Serious sin we commit even though we know it's wrong that completely separates us from God, destroys His divine life within us, and rejects His love for us

Mortal sin

Sins that offend God through freely chosen actions of thought, word, or deed

sins of commission

Sins that offend God through our choice not to act virtuously or failure to do something we should have done

sins of omission

Vices which are the source of all other sins, repetition corrupts the soul. "Capital sins" comes from Latin "caput" menaing head.

7 deadly sins

Undue self-esteem or self-love that seeks attention and honor and sets the self in competition with God—source of all other sins

Pride

Greed; inordinate, love of riches or of desiring a mass earthly goods without limit

Avarice

Anger directed at an innocent person, anger overly strong or long lasting, anger that desires revenge

Wrath

Intemperate, eating, and drinking; eating and drinking only for the pleasure of the experience

Gluttony

Sadness or carelessness experienced when one encounters a spiritual good that requires work to achieve, as in practice of virtue (aka acedia)

Sloth

the gift God gave human beings to be able to use reason in order to judge right from wrong; God's voice in our hearts. We are responsible for forming our contents with prayer and God's word about what is truly good.

conscience

A malformed conscience that departs from reason and divine law. To be ___________ is to be wrong and incorrect

erroneous conscience

State of a person who can't be held responsible for the lack of knowledge, such as those who have never heard the Gospel message

Invincible ignorance

State of a person lacking knowledge they should've known; displayed when they take little trouble to find out whats true and good, or when conscience is by degrees almost blinded through the habit of committing a sin

Vincible ignorance

That to which the will deliberately directs itself. In the determination of the morality of a human act, it is the act itself. It is either objectively good or evil

Object

The end or purpose one hopes to accomplish or bring abt w a chosen act

Intention

Specific environmental factors surrounding an action including consequences. Secondary qualities of moral act anf cannot change the moral quality of acts but can reduce or increase one's culpability and can contribute to increasing or diminishing objective moral goodness or evil of an action

Circumstances

Representation of a false god

idol

The obstinate denial after Baptism of a truth which must be believed with divine and Catholic faith

heresy

The sin of presuming we can save ourselves through our own efforts or of expecting God's forgiveness even if we do not repent of our sins and turn back to Him. Presumption breaks the First Commandment

Presumption

Spiritual sloth or refusing the joy that comes from God and instead feeling repelled by divine goodness.

Acedia

The attribution of a kind of magical power to certain practices or objects like charms or omens

Superstition

the practice of seeking knowledge of the future or the unknown by supernatural means

divination

Perceived secret knowledge, practices, and artifacts associated with supernatural, new age, psychic, or demonic phenomena

occult

Speech, thought, action involving contempt, hatred, defiance against God, His church, or saints or any other persons/things of the Church dedicated to God

Blasphemy

The day set aside each week for rest and worship of God, echoing how God rested on the seventh day of creation

Sabbath

Phrases that describes the Christian family, the original cell of society where we first learn the faith

Domestic church

sum total of social conditions that allow people, either as groups or as individuals, to reach their fulfillment more fully and more easily

Common good

The deliberate and direct killing, by whatever means it is carried out, of a human being in the initial phase of his or her existence, extending from conception to birth.

abortion

"To join"; the first living stage after the sperm has fertilized the egg

Zygote

"Young one"; from 2 cells (24hrs after conception) until the 8th week of pregnancy

Embryo

"Offspring"; from week 8 to birth

Fetus

Essential part of human identity as male or female. Includes physical, psychological, and emotional characteristics of men and women as well as attitudes and need for love and friendship. Affects all aspects of human person in unity of body and soul

Sexuality

disordered desire for or inordinate enjoyment of sexual pleasure for its own sake isolated from unitive and procreative purposes

Lust

The quality of being worthy of honor or respect; possessing great value or worth

dignity

Essential purposes of marital embrace; unitive and procreative purposes

Dual purpose of human sexuality

Joins the couple together spiritually, emotionally, and physically, as a total gift of self. It's an act that that incorporates your whole being and person

Unitive

Has the potential to bring about the unique gift of new and eternal human life, allows the couple to become co-creators with God, its a fruitful love

procreative

Term describing obligations, responsibilities, and interactions between husband and wife

conjugal relationship

The true integration of sexuality within a person's bodily and spiritual being; includes apprenticeship in self mastery

Chastity

State of obtaining from marriage

Celibacy

State of obtaining from sexual activity

Continence

Action taken by man and woman engaging in sexual relations that actively and intentionally is contrary to conception or prevents the conception of a child

Contraception

The practice of refraining from indulging or partaking in something

abstinence

Taking eggs from ovaries combined with semen in the test tube

In-vitro fertilization

Scientific, natural, moral method of family planning that can help married couples either achieve or postpone pregnancies and which respect the unitive and procreative nature of marital embrace

Natural family planning

Virtue that moderates one's external appearance, behavior, humility, and studiousness in order to avoid offending God or others, to avoid attracting what is unnecessary and to temper excessive desire for personal distinction. Refusal to unveil what ne should remain hidden and is ordered to chastity

Modesty

Moral virtue moderates attractions of pleasures and provides balance in the use of created goods

Temperance

things we legitimately own, including personal material possessions and the fruits of our labor

property

goods of creation that are meant for the whole human race

Universal destination of goods

Matters best handled by the smallest, lowest, and least centralized authority

subsidiarity

a subdiscipline of moral theology which outlines a holistic Catholic vision, based on both revelation and reason, of a good human society

catholic social teaching

the legitimate fruit of one’s work; payment that fairly compensates an employee for work done that allows the opportunity for him to provide a dignified livelihood for himself and his family on the material, social, and spiritual levels

just wage

ability to make legitimate use of our talents and resources such as by starting businesses or seeking employment

economic initiative

government should function according to the duty established by process and not at the whim of the persons in authority

rule of law

the expression and effect of personal sins in social situations and institutions that are contrary to the divine goodness, whereby a society collectively commits itself to destructive patterns of moral behavior

structural sin

concealment of the truth under a false pretense

dissimulation

a lack of integrity between one’s words and one’s deeds; behavior that contradicts what one professes to believe

hypocrisy

form of expression where the true meaning is opposite literal meaning. when used maliciously to disparage someone it is an offense against the truth

irony

the intentional damaging of someone’s reputation through spreading falsehoods

defamation

intentional damaging of reputation by saying false things about them

calumny

revealing of persons’s faults and failings to someone who didn’t know about them for no valid reason. giving someone the truth about someone’s faults to another who doesn’t have the right to that knowledge

detraction

excessive flattery; gravely sinful when it encourages others in vices or grave sins. venial when committed to avoid conflict or gain legitimate advantage

adulation

the desire to comply or to pelase. sinful when it encourages others in conduct that is morally wrong

complaisance