AP Human Geography Unit 4a

Administered boundary

The enforcement and maintaining of a boundary by government. Individual countries decide how strict or relaxed border crossings will be.

Antecedent boundary

A boundary that was identified before an area was settled

Autonomous region

A subdivision or dependent territory of a country that has a degree of self-government, or autonomy, in its decision making

Berlin Conference

Convened in 1884 with the intention of dividing up the continent of Africa among the various European imperial powers (Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, and Italy).

Choke point

A narrow passage that restricts traffic to another region

Cold War

political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc (the US and NATO) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact).

Colonialism

The act of forcefully controlling a foreign territory, which becomes known as a colony

Consequent boundary

A boundary that is drawn to accommodate existing cultural differences

Contiguous zone

This zone exists to bolster a State's law enforcement capacity and prevent criminals from fleeing the territorial sea. Within the contiguous zone, a State has the right to both prevent and punish infringement of fiscal, immigration, sanitary, and customs laws within its territory and territorial sea (in the ocean)

Cultural (ethnic) boundaries

a geographic area where a group of people live under the same aspects of culture, such as language, religion, and tradition.

Defined boundary

is specifically outlined by law or treaty. It may be a permanent or temporary line, but it is always clearly defined within a legal document.

Delimited boundary

Mr Jeffrey definition: "Describing how boundaries are fixed or defined to identify their limits"

Google definition: a border on a map, not visible in real life

Demarcated boundary

Jeffrey Definition: Describing how boundaries are set apart to distinguish their limits

Other definition: a border marked by a physical sign, fence, or physical object

Devolution

The movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state

Ethnographic boundary

state and national boundaries that are drawn to follow distinct differences in cultural traits such as religion, language, or ethnic identity.

Exclave

Part of a national territory separated from the main body of the country to which it belongs

Exclusive economic zone (EEZ)

Zone that extends 200 nautical miles from shoreline in which coastal states have the sole right to exploit, develop, manage, and conserve all water resources lying beyond the land

Geometric boundary

A boundary that has regular, often perfectly straight, lines drawn without regard for an area's physical or cultural features

Geopolitics

the study of the influence of geographical factors on the political, economic, and military affairs of nations and regions.

Imperialism

The motivating impulse to control greater amounts of territory

Irredentism

The political claim to territory in another country based on ethnic affiliations and historic borders Also, the want to restore previously owned territory (Russia wants Ukraine, which isn't Russia)

Landlocked states

A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea.

Multiethnic state

a state that contains more than one ethnicity.

Multinational state

A country containing multiple national, ethnic, and religious groups within its boundaries with a history on independence (like the U.K)

Nation

A community of people bound to a homeland and possessing a common identity based on shared cultural traits such as language, ethnicity, and religion

Nationalism

Jeffrey Definition (I believe is wrong for this unit):Sense of belonging to and self-identifying with a national culture; people with a strong sense of nationalism derive a significant part of their social identity from a sense of belonging to a nation

Book definition (better): a nation's desire to create and maintain a state of its own.

Nation-state

The ideal political geographical unit; one in which the nation's geographic boundaries (a people and its culture) exactly match the state's territorial boundaries (governance and authority)

Neocolonialism

The set of economic and political strategies by which wealthy and powerful countries indirectly maintain or extend their influence over less wealthy areas

Physical boundary

A boundary based on the geographical features of the Earth's surface.

Relic boundary

A boundary that no longer functions as an international border (great wall of china, Berlin Wall)

Satellite states

A nominally independent country that is politically, militarily, and economically controlled by a more powerful state

Self-determination

A nation's ability to determine its own statehood and form its own allegiances and government; the freedom of culturally distinct groups to govern themselves in their own territories and form their own states

Semi autonomous region

A subdivision or dependent territory of a country that has some degree of, but not complete, self-government (Native Indian Reservations)

Shatterbelt

Region of continuing and persistent fragmentation due to devolution and centrifugal forces (Balkans, for example)

Sovereignty

A principle of international law that codifies an individual state's right to control its political and economic affairs within the state's boundaries without external interference

State

An independent political unit with a centralized authority that makes claim to sole legal, political, and economic jurisdiction over a region with defined boundaries

Stateless nation

An ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own state and is not the majority population in any nation-state

Subnationalism

The feeling that one has primary allegiance to a traditional group or nation rather than to the state they are within.

Subsequent boundary

A political boundary that developed with the cultural landscape (Ireland and Northern Ireland)

Superimposed boundary

A boundary that is placed on an area without regard to existing boundaries (berlin conference of 1884)

Territoriality

A political and cultural strategy used by individuals, groups, or organizations to claim power over an area of land and its people and resources