Ch 2 Body Structure, Color, and Oncology

ventral

front

dorsal

back

thorac/o

chest

abdomin/o

abdomen

pelv/i

pelvis

thoracic cavity

chest area, which houses the lungs and heart

cyan/o

blue

cyanosis

condition where the skin appeares bluish due to lack of oxygen

oncology

study of tumors and cancer

cell

basic unit of life

cytology

study of cells

nucleus + chromosomes

karyotypes, used in genetics and pathology

tissues

muscle, nervous, connective, and epithelial

myopathy

disease of a muscle

neuroglia (neur/o)

nerve

epidermis

surface of skin

gastr/o

stomach

enter/o

intestines

cardi/o

heart

vascul/o

vessels

integumentary system

skin, hair, nails, and glands. forms a protective barrier + helps regulate body temperature

• derm/o or cutane/o

respiratory system

responsible for gas exchange— bringing in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. includes nose, throat, trachea, and lungs

• pneum/o, pulmon/o, and bronch/o

urinary system

filters and removes waste from the blood and maintains fluid and electrolyte balance. made up of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

• nephr/o, cyst/o

reproductive system

different for males and females, ensures the continuation of the species. includes organs like ovaries and testes

• gynec/o, andr/o, hyster/o

cardiovascular system

transports blood, nutrients, and waste throughout the body via the heart and blood vessels

• cardi/o, angi/o

lymphatic system

helps defend against infection and maintains fluid balance. includes lymph nodes, vessels, and the spleen

• lymph/o, splen/o

digestive system

breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. spans from the mouth to the anus, with accessory organs like the liver and pancreas

• gastr/o, enter/o,hepat/o, col/o

musculoskeletal system

gives our body structure and movement. involves muscles, bones, and joints

• my/o, oste/o, and arthr/o

nervous system

coordinates body activities through electrical signals sent by the brain and spinal cord

• neur/o, encephal/o

endocrine system

composed of glands that secrete hormones— regulates many body processes

• aden/o, thyroid/o

cranial cavity

brain

spinal cavity

spinal cord

thoracic cavity

heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and mediastinal area

abdominal cavity

stomach, intestines, kidneys, adrenal glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters

pelvic cavity

urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of the small and large intestine, and the rectum

abdominopelvic cavity

both the pelvic and abdominal cavities

which cavities make up the ventral cavity

thoracic, abdominopelvic

which cavities form the dorsal cavity

cranial and spinal

what 2 cavities combine to form the abdominopelvic cavity

abdominal and pelvic

aden/o

gland

epitheli/o

epithelium

fibr/o

fiber

hemat/o

blood

hist/o

tissue

lip/o

fat

my/o

muscle

neur/o

nerve

organ/o

organ

sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue

system/o

system

viscer/o

internal organs

adenoma

tumor of a gland

hemat/o/logy

study of blood

neuropathy

condition of the nerves

sarcoma

type of cancer

aut/o

self

bi/o

life

cancer/o

cancer

crypt/o

hidden

necr/o

death (cells/body)

eti/o

cause of (disease)

gno/o

knowledge

latr/o

physician, medicine (treatment)

lei/o

smooth

onc/o

tumor, mass

path/o

disease

rhabd/o

rod-shaped, striated

somat/o

body

vir/o

virus

autoimmune

body attacks itself

biology

study of life

oncology

study of tumors

erythr/o

red

• red blood cells

  • RBC’s

leuk/o

white

• white blood cells

• WBC’s

melan/o

black

Xanth/o

yellow

• JAUNDICE

• liver, or metabolic conditions

melanoma

dangerous form of skin cancer that often appears as a dark or black lesion

erythrocytosis

elevated red blood cell count

leukemia

cancer of the white blood cells

xanthoderma

yellowish discoloration of the skin

• JAUNDICE

dia-

thorough, complete

dys-

painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

hyper-

above, excessive

hypo-

below, incomplete, deficient, under

meta-

after, beyond, change

micro-

small

neo-

new

pro-

before

dialysis

process of separating waste from the blood, passing it through a membrane

dysfunction

something isnt working properly

hypertension

high blood pressure

hypoglycemia

low blood sugar

metastasis

describes how cancer spreads beyond its original site

neoplasm

new growth (often referring to tumors)

prognosis

prediction made before knowing the outcome

-al, -ic, -ous

pertaining to

-gen

produces/causes

-logist

one who studies and treats

-megaly

enlargement