chapter 2 topographical map

What is a topographical map

A large-scale map showing natural and man-made features

Who prepares topographical maps in India

Survey of India

What is a contour line

A line joining points of equal height

What is contour interval

Difference between two contour lines

What is an index contour

A thick contour line

What is spot height

Exact height of a place

What do close contours show

Steep slope

What do wide contours show

Gentle slope

What is gradient formula

Vertical Interval divided by Horizontal Equivalent

What is a cross-section

Side view of land

What is the first step of cross-section

Draw section line

What is a conical hill

Circular contours

What is a plateau

Flat-topped high land

What is a ridge

Long narrow high land

What is a saddle

Dip between hills

What is a col

Narrow depression

What is a gap

Opening between hills

What is a pass

Route through mountains

What are eastings

Vertical lines

What are northings

Horizontal lines

What is a 4-figure grid reference

Area

What is a 6-figure grid reference

Exact location

Which is read first in grid reference

Eastings

Which is read second

Northings

What is a nucleated settlement

Clustered settlement

What is a dispersed settlement

Scattered settlement

What is a linear settlement

Settlement along a line

What is a temporary settlement

Short-term settlement

What is a permanent settlement

Long-term settlement

What do rivers indicate

Slope direction

What do waterfalls indicate

Steep slope

What does forest indicate

High rainfall

Why is agriculture near rivers

Water availability

What is scale

Ratio between map and ground distance

What does large-scale map show

More details

What does small-scale map show

Less details

What direction is at the top of map

North

What is opposite of East

West

How to find direction

Using compass or north line

What are conventional signs

Standard symbols

What does blue colour show

Water

What does green colour show

Forest

What does red colour show

Roads or settlements

What does yellow colour show

Cultivated land

What do brown lines show

Contours

What is relief

Height and shape of land

What pattern shows steep slope

Close contours

What pattern shows gentle slope

Wide spacing

What is a convex slope

Gentle top and steep bottom

What is a concave slope

Steep top and gentle bottom

What is a uniform slope

Equal spacing

In which direction do rivers flow

High to low

What does V-shape indicate

Valley

What does U-shape indicate

Ridge

What is map interpretation

Studying map features

Why is farming common in plains

Flat fertile land

Why are settlements fewer in hills

Difficult terrain

Why do roads avoid steep slopes

Difficult construction

Why are bridges built

To cross rivers

Why is vertical scale used

To show height clearly

What happens if scale is wrong

Inaccurate diagram

Why do nucleated settlements form

Water and security

Why do dispersed settlements form

Large farmland

What is a bench mark

Fixed height point

What is relative height

Compared height

Can contour lines touch

No

Can contour lines cross

Never

What do closed contours indicate

Hill or depression

Why do contours form circles

Height increases inward

Why are passes used

Easy route

Why are rivers winding in plains

Gentle slope

Why are waterfalls in steep areas

Sudden drop