Intro to Business Theories of Motivation

Hierarchy of Needs Founder

Abraham Maslow

Scientific Management Founder

Frederick Taylor

Theory X, Y, and Z Founder

Douglas McGregor

Theory X, Y, and Z (Theory 2) Founder

William Ouchi

Goal Setting Theory Founder

Peter Drucker

Hawthorne Studies Founder

Elton Mayo

Hierarchy of Needs

5 essential needs-

~physiological

~safety + security

~love + belonging

~self-esteem

~self-actualization

Needs being met are motivators. Once a need is met, it is no longer a motivator and a higher need emerges.

Scientific Management

Created to maximize worker efficiency during industrial working. Study tasks to find most efficient way to get them done. To benefit both the worker and the firm. Workers are extrinsically motivated.

Motivation Hygiene Theory (Two-Factors) Founder

Frederick Herzberg

Motivation Hygiene Theory (Two-Factors)

Asked coworkers to list factors that motivates them. Best way to motivate workers is to make the job interesting which helps workers achieve goals.

Theory X, Y, and Z

D.M. observed that managers attitudes generally fall into two different sets of managerial assumptions.

Theory X: motivation is punishment.

Theory Y: motivation is empowerment.

Theory X, Y, and Z (Theory 2)

W.O. believed a mix of Japanese and American management styles and improve productivity and job installation.

Goal Setting Theory

Involves a cycle of discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives among top and middle managers, supervisors. Employees need to motivate themselves not management.

Hawthorne Studies

Workers under observation will work harder than those who do not. the study was originally on light levels. Workers work harder when watched by management.