chapter 4: the skeletal system

acr/o

extremities

ankyl/o

crooked; bent; stiff; fused together

arthr/o

joint

brachi/o

arm

burs/o

bursa (sac of fluid near joint)

calcane/o

calcaneus; heel bone

carp/o

wrist

cervic/o

neck; cervix (neck of uterus)

chir/o

hand

chondr/o

cartilage

clavicul/o

clavicle; collarbones

cost/o

rib

crani/o

skull

cubit/o

elbow

dactyl/o

digits (fingers or toes)

dextr/o

to the right

femor/o

thigh bone

fibul/o

fibula; lower leg bone

humer/o

humerus; upper arm bone

hy/o

hyoid bone

ili/o

ilium; top of the hip bone

kyph/o

humpback

ligament/o

ligament

lord/o

curve; swayback

lumb/o

lumbar region; loin

lux/o

slide

mandibul/o

mandible; lower jaw bone

menisc/o

meniscus; cartilage in the knee joint

myel/o

bone marrow; spinal cord

narc/o

numbness; sleep; stupor

nas/o

nose

orth/o

straight

oste/o

bone

patell/o

patella; kneecap

ped/o

foot; child

phalang/o

phalanges; fingers or toes

physi/o

nature; function

por/o

opening; passageway; porous

pod/o

foot

pub/o

pubis; pubic region

pyret/o

fever

rachi/o

spine; vertebra

rheumat/o

watery flow

rhin/o

nose

sacr/o

sacrum

sarc/o

flesh; connective tissue

scoli/o

crooked; bent

sinistr/o

to the left

spondyl/o

vertebra; backbone

ster/o

solid structure; steroids

stern/o

sternum; breastbone

styl/o

column; pillar; tube

synovi/o

lubricating fluid of joints

tars/o

ankle

ten/o, tendin/o, tendon/o

tendon

tibi/o

tibia; lower leg bone

uln/o

ulna; lower arm bone

vertebr/o

vertebrae; spinal column bones

a-, an-

without

ambi-

both sides

anti-

against

inter-

between

intra-

within; into

meta-

change; beyond

non-

not

peri-

around; something

poly-

many; much

sub-

below; under

supra-

above

syn-

together; with

-al, -an, -ic, -ous

pertaining to

-algia

pain

-ation

process; condition

-centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid

-clast

to break down; destroy

-desis

to bind; tie together

-ectomy

surgical removal; excision

-graph

instrument for recording

-ism

process; condition

-itis

inflammation

-malacia

softening

-oid

like; resembling

-oma

tumor; mass

-osis

abnormal condition

-penia

deficiency

-physis

growth; growth plate

-plasty

surgical repair

-porosis

abnormal condition of small holes

-scope

instrument to view

-scopy

visual examination using a scope

-tomy

process of cutting; incision

axial skeleton

bones along the axis, or central line, of the human body; skull, facial bones, sternum (breastbone), ribs, and vertebral

appendicular skeleton

bones in the appendages of the body, as well as the structures that connect the appendages to the axial skeleton

5 functions of bone

1. Support

2. Protection

3. Mineral storage

4. Blood cell formation

5. Anchoring and movement of muscles

bone

dense connective tissue made of collagen fibers and minerals

the extremities contain _

long bones

_ are located in the hands and feet

shor bonest; cube-shaped and spongy

_ protect vital organs and provide a broad surface area for muscle attachment

flat bones; cranium

embedded within tendons

sesamoid bones

_ have an unusual or complex shape and, therefore, cannot be categorized as long, short, or flat

irregular bones