RBT Exam

Have materials ready, review previous sessions data to know which behaviors to target, and understand the procedures for managing behaviors, especially high-risk ones like elopement

How do you prepare for data collection?

It records every instance of behavior and includes frequency, rate, duration, latency, and interresponse time

What is continuous measurement and what are the different types?

How many times the behavior occurs

What is the frequency of a behavior?

The frequency that the behavior occurs over time which is better for tracking across different session lengths

What is the rate of behavior?

How long a behavior occurs

What is the duration of a behavior?

The time between a stimulus and response

What is thew latency of a behavior?

Thew time between two successive responses

What is the interresponse time of a behavior?

When you sample behavior instead of recording every instance and the types include whole interval recording, partial interval recording, and momentary time sampling

What is discontinuous measurement and what are the types?

A type of discontinuous measurement where the behavior must happen for the entire interval to count that is used to increase behaviors like studying

What is whole interval recording?

A type of discontinuous measurement where the behavior happens at any point during the interval that is used to decrease behaviors like talking

What is partial interval recording?

A type of discontinuous measurement where the behavior is recorded only if it happens at a certain moment and is useful for large groups

What is momentary time sampling?

You measure behavior based on the results left behind like completed assignments or holes in the walls and you must ensure that the product is caused by the behavior being measured

How do you implement premenant product recording procedures?

Record discrete trial data during sessions, transfer data to summary sheets and graphs after sessions, and uses monthly summaries to track progress and help superviors

How do you enter data and update graphs?

Use operational definitions to describe behavior clearly, include clear start and end point of behavior, and ensure definitions are reliable using inter observer agreement (IOA)

How do you describe behavior and environment in observable and measurable terms?

Assessments that help determine what item, event, activity, or stimulus would likely serve as a reinforcer

What are preference assessments?

Ask (ask the individual or someone who knows the individual what they may prefer), free operant (free to roam the environment to see what they spend the most time with either in a naturalistic environment or contrived environment), and trial based (single stimulus/successive choice, paired stimuli/forced choice, multiple stimuli w/ or w/out replacement

What are the three ways to perform a preference assessment?

You are asking the individual or someone they know what they might prefer to see if it can serve as a reinforcer

What does it mean when you use asking as a form of preference assessment?

It means the child is free to roam in a naturalistic or contrived environment to see what they spend the most time with

What does it mean when you are using a free operant preference assessment?

You are conducting trials in order to see which stimulus they might prefer as a reinforcer and the three types are single stimulus/successive choice (presenting items one at a time for a long time), paid stimulus/forced choice (showing two items at a time and seeing which one is preferred), and multiple stimulus with or without replacement (presenting three or more choices and either replacing the ones not chosen or taking away the one that was chosen)

What does it mean when you are using a trial based preference assessment and what are the three types?

You will do a reinforcer assessment which means presenting preferred items after a behavior occurs to see if it increases behavior to serve as an effective reinforcer

What is done after a preference assessment?

RBT’s role is to conduct assessment with BcBA’s (not alone), collecting data during an assessment, trialing new skills (probing), and communicating progress made by the learner to your supervisor

How does one assist with individualized assessment procedures?

Attention (social positive), tangible, escape/avoidance, and automatic

What are the four functions of behavior?

Attention is when the behavior increases due to attention given from someone else such as verbal praise or saying not to do something

What does it mean when you give attention as a function of behavior?

When a child recieves something tangible they can hold after performing a certain behavior

What is a tangible function of behavior consist of?

When a child engages in a behavior and it results in them being taken away from a situation that they don’t like

What is an escape/avoidance function of behavior consist of?

When the reinforcement isn’t guided by anything in the environment such as sensory stimulation

What is an automatic function of behavior?

Indirect assessment, direct/descriptive assessment, and functional/experiemntal analysis

When you want to find out the function of behavior, you do a functional behavior assessment. What are the three types?

A type of cantonal behavior assessment that means you ask or interview the individuals or people familiar with the individual to see what the function could be

What is an indirect assessment?

A type of behavior assessment that means you allow them to be in an environment that isn’t manipulated to see what occurs before and after the behavior in order to see what the function could be

What is a direct/descriptive assessment?

A type of functional assessment that means you manipulate the environment and change the antecedents and consequences in order to see what the function of that behavior is

What is a functional/experimental analysis?

Find a more appropriate behavior that they can use in place of the undesirable behavior

When you find the function of a behavior, what is your job?

Choose a skill to target that is socially significant, describe the skill and what proficiency looks like in that skill, choose the data collection procedures which includes material used, prompting, and reinforcement, and finally coming up with a maintenance plan after the skill is mastered

What are the steps when implementing a skill acquisition plan?

Take baseline data to see what level the child is at before intervention

After drafting a skill acquisition plan, what must you do?

Look at the behaviors being targeted and data from previous sessions as well as making sure that you hav all materials ready for intervention

How do you prepare for a skill acquisition plan?

Something that is given after a behavior that will increase the likelihood of that behavior occurring again

What is a reinforcer?

Something that is given after a behavior that will decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring again

What is a punisher?

Reinforcement that is not learned such as food,, water, or sex

What is unconditioned reinforcement?

Reinforcement that is learned and starts when a neutral stimulus is paired with an established reinforcer and then the neutral stimulus becomes a reinforcer itself

What is conditioned reinforcement?

Continuous and intermittent

What are the two types of reinforcement?

Fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, and variable interval

What are the four types of intermittent reinforcement?

When reinforcement is given after every behavior occurs

What does continuous reinforcement consist of?

When reinforcement is given in ratio’s or interval’s

What is intermittent reinforcement?

Fixed means not changing while variable means it changes from time to time, and ratio means a certain number of reinforcers are needed to get a reinforcer while interval means that a certain amount of time has to pass in order for a reinforcement to be given

What does fixed, variable, ratio, and interval mean?

A type of intermittent reinforcement that means a specific amount of responses are needed to get a reinforcer

What is a fixed ratio?

A type of intermittent reinforcement that means that there is not a specific amount of responses that are needed in order to get a reinforcer

What is a variable ratio?

A type of intermittent reinforcement that includes waiting for a certain amount time to elapse before the reinforcement is available again

What is a fixed interval?

A type of intermittent reinforcement that includes waiting for reinforcement under no specific amount of time

What is a variable interval?

A subset of ABA therapy that breaks down interventions into smaller or discrete steps

What is discrete is discrete trial teaching?

A part of discrete trial training where you present the same instructions over and over again for patients new to ABA and it can be with or without other stimulus that might be distracting

What is mass trial with and without distractors?

A part of discrete trial training where yo switch up the type of instruction every single time and some examples are random rotation

What are mixed trials?

A part of discrete trail training where you have to test a skill every so often to make sure it remains mastered over time and generalization is when a skill can be applied to different conditions than where it was initially taught

What is maintenance and generalization?

More spontaneous opportunities for learning in a more natural environment

What is natural environment training?

For completing complex tasks with many steps, the first being completing a task analysis and then choosing which type of chaining you want to do

What is chaining used for and what are the steps?

Forward, backwards, and total task chaining

What are the three different types of chaining?

Teaching steps in order from first to last

What does forward chaining consist of?

Teaching the last steps first

What does backwards chaining consist of?

Teaching the whole task at once while prompting when they have difficulty with one of the steps

What does total task chaining consist of?

Reinforcing behavior in the presence of one stimulus and not another

What is discrimination training?

The type of stimulus that will give you reinforcement

What is a discriminative stimulus (SD)?

A type of stimulus that doesn’t reinforce

What is a S delta (S^)?

The child should have stimulus control which means that the behavior should occur under one stimulus rather than another stimulus

What should occur after you complete discrimination training?

To transfer stimulus control from a prompted instruction (SD) to a SD that they would find in their natural environment which can be done by teaching the least intrusive method and then gradually fading out prompting until they don’t need it anymore

What is the purpose of prompt fading?

Physical (full, partial), modeling, visual/positional, gestural, and verbal

What are the types of prompting from most to least intrusive?

Inadvertent prompting or accidental prompting which means that the child might not be responding to the prompt that you want them to, but another one that you might not be aware of

What is something you want to try to avoid when prompt fading?

You need to vary the way you present the stimuli by trying different settings, objects, and involving the parents, and varying in the instructions. You can also reinforce the behavior when you see it being done outside of the intervention

How can you generalize a skill?

Reinforce closer and closer approximations to the behavior you want

What is shaping?

Target behaviors (the behaviors your working on), earning tokens for each behavior, and the backup reinforcers or redeeming tokens for a reward

What are the there components of a token economy?