Ap Pysch unit five final

Disorganized Motor Behavior

A form of motor dysfunction characterized by unpredictable and chaotic movements.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Disorders that stem from impaired growth and development of the brain or central nervous system, like ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Diathesis-Stress Model

A psychological theory that explains how a predisposition to a mental disorder (diathesis) combined with environmental stressors can lead to the development of the disorder.

6 Virtues in Positive Psychology

Character strengths emphasized in positive psychology, including wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence.

Tardive Dyskinesia

A neurological disorder resulting in involuntary and repetitive movements, often due to long-term use of antipsychotic medications.

Deinstitutionalization

The process of reducing the population of mental health hospitals by moving patients to community-based care.

Word Salad

A symptom of schizophrenia characterized by a jumble of words or phrases that lack meaningful connection.

Eustress

Positive or beneficial stress that can motivate individuals.

Distress

Negative stress that can result in anxiety or physical symptoms.

Adverse Childhood Experiences

Potentially traumatic events occurring during childhood that can have lasting negative effects on health and well-being.

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

The body's three-stage response to stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

Fugue State

A dissociative disorder characterized by sudden, unexpected travel away from home and inability to recall one’s past.

Ataque de Nervios

A cultural syndrome of intense emotional distress common in Latino cultures, often described as a nervous breakdown.

Taijin Kyofusho

A culturally specific form of social anxiety in Japan, characterized by fear of offending others through one's appearance or behavior.

Eclectic approach

A therapeutic approach that combines techniques from different schools of thought to best meet client needs.

Client-centered therapy

A therapeutic approach that emphasizes empathy and the therapist's unconditional positive regard for the client.

Active listening

A communication technique that involves fully concentrating, understanding, responding, and remembering what the client says.

Unconditional positive regard

Accepting and valuing a person without conditions or judgments.

Behavior therapy

A form of therapy that focuses on changing unhelpful behaviors through conditioning techniques.

Counterconditioning

A behavior therapy technique that replaces an undesirable response to a stimulus with a more desirable one.

Systematic desensitization/exposure therapy

A behavioral treatment for phobias that gradually exposes the patient to the feared object or context without any danger.

Token economy

A system of restructuring behavior whereby tokens are earned for displaying desired behaviors and can be exchanged for rewards.

Cognitive Therapy

A treatment that helps patients recognize and change negative thought patterns.

Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

A type of cognitive therapy that helps individuals identify irrational beliefs and replace them with rational thoughts.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

A popular therapy that addresses negative patterns of thought and behavior.

Group therapy

A form of psychotherapy in which multiple patients meet together with a therapist.

Personality Disorders

A class of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior and cognition.

Ethical Principles for Psychologists

Guidelines that psychologists follow to ensure ethical practice, including respect, competence, integrity, and responsibility.

Sociocultural perspective on Mental Disorders

An approach that examines how social and cultural factors influence mental health and behavior.

Biomedical Treatment Approaches

Treatments for mental disorders that utilize medical interventions, such as medication and therapy.

Humanistic Treatment Approaches to Treatment

Therapies that emphasize personal growth and self-actualization.

Physiological effects of stress

Physical responses to stressors, including hormonal changes, increased heart rate, and muscle tension.

Psychological disorder

A condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that cause significant distress or impairment.

Clinical psychology

A branch of psychology that focuses on diagnosing and treating mental illness.

Psychiatrist

A medical doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.

DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition)

A comprehensive classification system used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental disorders.

Social Anxiety Disorder

A disorder characterized by intense fear or anxiety in social situations.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A disorder marked by chronic and excessive worry about various aspects of life.

Panic disorder

A type of anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks.

Agoraphobia

An anxiety disorder involving fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult.

Specific phobias

Intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A condition characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions).

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.

Major depressive disorder

A mood disorder marked by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest.

Bipolar disorder

A mood disorder characterized by severe mood swings, including emotional highs (mania) and lows (depression).

Mania

A state of abnormally elevated arousal and energy levels, often associated with bipolar disorder.

Schizophrenia

A severe mental disorder characterized by distortions in thought, perception, emotions, language, and sense of self.

Hallucinations

Perceptions in the absence of external stimuli, often experienced during psychotic episodes.

Dissociative disorders

A group of disorders characterized by a disconnection between thoughts, memory, and sense of self.

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

A severe form of dissociation characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states.

Eating disorders (anorexia nervosa/bulimia nervosa)

Serious mental disorders involving extreme attitudes and behaviors towards food, weight, and body image.