Exam 4: Nuclear Chemistry
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10 Terms
What is the total number of known stable isotope in the universe?
250
Iron has how many stable isotopes?
4
What is an isotope?
Substances with the same number of protons; different number of neutrons = different atomic mass
What is fission?
the splitting of large unstable isotopes
What is fusion?
the combining of small particles in a highly exothermic process
What is radioactive decay?
the spontaneous disintegration of an unstable isotope; approximately 7000 isotopes decay to the 250 stable isotopes on Earth via this process
What is α decay?
Alpha emission - loss of helium-4 particle
What is β decay?
Beta emission - a neutron becomes a proton AND electron is emitted
What is γ decay?
Gamma radiation - ejection of high energyphoton; atomic mass/# does not change
What is β+ decay?
Positron emission - proton becomes a neutron AND eject positron (same mass as an electron, but positive sign) and electron neutrino