APUSH Period 2 (1607–1754): How Regional Colonies Took Shape in British North America (copy)

Interactions between American Indians and Europeans

The complex relations involving trade, diplomacy, and conflict that shaped the colonization process in the Americas.

Powhatan Confederacy

A network of Native American tribes in Virginia that played a crucial role in the early relations with the Jamestown settlers.

Pequot War

A conflict between English colonists and Pequot Indians in 1636–1637, driven by competition over resources and territory.

King Philip's War

A significant conflict in New England from 1675 to 1676 between Native Americans and English colonists, resulting in widespread destruction.

Pueblo Revolt

A successful uprising by Native Americans in 1680 against Spanish rule, highlighting the potential for resistance against European powers.

Racialized chattel slavery

A system in which enslaved individuals are treated as property and whose status is inherited, emerging in the British colonies during the 1600s.

Indentured servitude

A labor system where individuals worked for a fixed term in exchange for passage to the colonies, prevalent in early colonial times.

Bacon's Rebellion

A revolt in Virginia in 1676 led by Nathaniel Bacon, revealing class tensions and contributing to the shift towards racialized slavery.

Middle Passage

The brutal transatlantic journey of enslaved Africans to the Americas, characterized by inhumane conditions and high mortality rates.

Slave codes

Laws governing the status of enslaved individuals and defining their rights, which enforced racial divisions and control over enslaved populations.

Task system

A labor system in which enslaved workers were assigned specific tasks, commonly used in rice cultivation in the Lower South.

Gang labor

A method of organizing enslaved labor where groups of workers were supervised and driven to achieve specific outputs, seen in tobacco production.

Social hierarchy in Southern Colonies

A class structure in the South characterized by wealth disparity, dominated by a planter elite and large populations of enslaved individuals.

Cultural and religious pressure

The attempts by European colonizers to reshape Indigenous societies through missionizing and demands for adoption of European practices.

Diplomacy and alliances

Strategic partnerships formed by Native American nations to counteract European influence and maintain power dynamics.

Regional colonial development

The differentiation of societies in British North America based on geography, economy, labor systems, and religious influences.

New England's social order

A community structure in New England shaped by Puritan ideals, resulting in more stable family systems and a focus on education.

Diversity in Middle Colonies

The mixture of ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups in the Middle Colonies, which fostered a more pluralistic and tolerant society.

Southern plantation agriculture

An economic system based primarily on cash crops like tobacco and rice, which relied heavily on enslaved labor and led to a rigid class structure.

Resistance of enslaved people

Various forms of defiance against slavery, including everyday actions, running away, and organized revolts, demonstrating resistance and agency.