Animal Growth - Chapter 12

A set of 200 flashcards based on the lecture notes about animal growth, covering various topics such as importance, factors, growth processes, nutrition, and systems involved in animal growth.

What is the primary reason animal growth is important for producers?

It provides earnings for animal producers.

How do producers earn their livings in animal production?

By managing animals efficiently, maximizing growth, and minimizing cost.

What are the major factors in animal growth?

Heredity, nutrition, environment, feed, immune status, digestion & absorption, welfare, gastrointestinal functionality, GIT mucosa, and GIT microbiota.

What is hypertrophy in the context of growth?

Hypertrophy refers to the increase in cell size.

What is hyperplasia in the context of growth?

Hyperplasia refers to the increase in cell number.

What are the two major phases of growth?

Prenatal and postnatal phases.

Define the prenatal stage of development.

It is the development that occurs in the mother from conception until birth.

Define the postnatal stage of development.

It is the development that occurs from birth to maturity.

Name the stages included in the prenatal phase of growth.

Germinal, embryo, and fetal stages.

What are the stages included in the postnatal phase of growth?

Neonatal, newborn, juvenile, and adult stages.

What occurs during the ovum stage of fetal development?

The fertilized egg divides to form a morula and then a blastula.

During which stage does the embryo attach to the uterus?

During the embryonic stage.

What happens during the fetal stage?

Organs fully develop and the fetus is expelled during birth.

What hormone is involved in forcing the fetus out during birth?

Oxytocin.

What is the significance of ground contact for the newborn?

It starts organ functioning.

What characterizes the postnatal growth stage?

Growth that is slow as organs develop, followed by rapid growth to sexual maturity.

Where do fat deposits strategically form in growing animals?

In the abdominal cavity, between muscles, and under the skin.

Which glands in the endocrine system release hormones that control growth?

Pituitary, thyroid, testicles or ovaries, and adrenal glands.

What role do artificial hormones play in growth?

They aid in growth.

What is physiological age in terms of animal growth?

It refers to maturity, where nutrients are directed for fat storage instead of growth.

What marks the beginning of aging in animals?

The solidification of bones (physiologic aging) and the chronological age in years.

What are some changes that occur as animals age?

Physical characteristics change, the reproductive system slows, and the nervous system disintegrates.

What components are included in the daily nutrient requirements for a 500-lb. medium-frame steer?

Dry matter, protein, TDN, calcium, and phosphorus.

What is the protein content in Fescue Hay?

9.5% Protein.

What is the importance of balancing a ration for animal nutrition?

To ensure that animals receive the necessary nutrients for growth and health.

What is the crude protein content of soybean meal?

44% Crude Protein.

How much crude protein is needed in a general ration requirement?

14-16% Crude Protein.

How do you balance a ration using the Pearson Square method?

By determining the proportions of different feedstuffs to achieve the desired protein content.

What is the calculation of crude protein in the final feed?

You would have 23.5 lbs of Soybean meal and 76.5 lbs of Corn in a 100 lbs feed formulation.

What is involved in calculating multiple concentrations in animal nutrition?

It is a complex operation to compute various nutritional factors into one single ration.

What are the takeaways regarding factors controlling animal growth?

Many factors control animal growth, and understanding these helps produce more efficiently.

Why do consumers benefit from efficient animal production?

They enjoy lower-cost products.