Nursing Theory Lecture Flashcards

These vocabulary flashcards provide definitions for key nursing philosophies, conceptual models, and theories, as well as the important theorists associated with the development of nursing as a professional discipline.

Philosophy (Nursing)

A set of beliefs about the nature of how the world works; a broad, general view of nursing that clarifies values and expands on the definition of nursing to answer disciplinary questions.

Florence Nightingale

The founder of modern nursing ($1820$–$1910$) whose philosophy focused on health rather than illness and the management of the patient's environment.

Nightingale's Metaparadigm: Person

The patient as the central focus of care.

Nightingale's Metaparadigm: Health

A state to be maintained and restored, not just the absence of disease.

Nightingale's Metaparadigm: Environment

Surroundings that directly affect health and recovery, including factors like clean air, sunlight, and proper nutrition.

Nightingale's Metaparadigm: Nursing

A distinct discipline focused on health and the environment, distinguished from medical treatment.

Virginia Henderson

A pioneering nurse ($1897$–$1996$) known as the 'Florence Nightingale of the $20$th century' who defined the nurse's role as assisting individuals in activities contributing to health or a peaceful death.

Henderson's 14 Basic Needs

A holistic framework of patient needs covering physical, psychosocial, spiritual, and developmental aspects, such as breathing, eating, communication, and faith.

Jean Watson

A nursing theorist who emphasized human-to-human relationships and caring, publishing 'The Philosophy and Science of Caring' in $1979$.

Transpersonal Caring

A concept in Watson's philosophy where the nurse and patient engage in a mutual, transformative relationship to promote harmony among body, mind, and soul.

Ten Caritas Processes

Refined caring practices introduced by Watson that include practicing loving-kindness, instilling faith and hope, and being open to mystery and miracles.

Conceptual Models of Nursing

Organizational structures for critical thinking that are less abstract than philosophies and more abstract than theories.

Dorothea Orem

Developer of the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory ($1914$–$2007$), focusing on patient autonomy and the nurse's role in fulfilling self-care needs.

Wholly Compensatory System

A nursing system in Orem's model where the nurse provides complete care for the patient.

Partly Compensatory System

A nursing system in Orem's model where the nurse and patient share care responsibilities.

Supportive-Educative System

A nursing system in Orem's model where the patient can perform self-care but requires guidance or education.

Imogene King

Theorist who published 'A Theory for Nursing' ($1981$), focusing on mutual goal setting and interactions within personal, interpersonal, and social systems.

Theory of Goal Attainment

King's theory asserting that health is attained or regained through collaborative goal setting and interactions between the nurse and patient.

Sister Callista Roy

Theorist who developed the Adaptation Model, viewing the person as a biopsychosocial adaptive system and nursing as a discipline promoting coping.

Grand Theory

A broad conceptualization of nursing phenomena.

Middle-range Theory

A theory narrower in focus than grand theories that makes connections between grand theories and nursing practice, often grounded in empirical evidence.

Hildegard Peplau

Theorist who published 'Interpersonal Relations in Nursing' ($1952$), focusing on the nurse-patient relationship as the center of nursing care.

Peplau's Six Nursing Roles

The variations in the nurse's function depending on the setting: Counselor, Resource, Teacher, Technical Expert, Surrogate, and Leader.

Ida Orlando

Developer of the Nursing Process Theory ($1961$) which emphasizes meeting the patient's immediate needs through deliberate action and validation of inferences.

Madeleine Leininger

Founder of transcultural nursing who developed the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality to provide culturally congruent care.

Culture Care Preservation

A strategy in Leininger's theory focused on maintaining beneficial cultural practices.

Culture Care Accommodation

A strategy in Leininger's theory focused on adapting care to fit specific cultural needs.

Culture Care Repatterning

A strategy in Leininger's theory focused on modifying harmful cultural practices.

Nursology

The science and body of knowledge created by and for the discipline of nursing; it is the study BY nurses of phenomena of concern to nursing.

Theory-Based Practice

When nurses intentionally structure their practice around a particular nursing theory, using it to guide the nursing process (assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention, and evaluation).