Joints part 1

What are the two functions of joints

Hold skeleton together and allow skeleton to move

What are the three functional classification of joints

Synarthrosis, Amphiarthroses, Diarthroses

Synarthrosis

immovable joints

Amphiarthroses

slightly movable joints

Diarthroses

freely Movable joints

What are the three structural classification of joints

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

What are fibrous joints

dense fibrous connective tissue that join bones

Do fibrous joints have joint cavities

no

What functional classification are fibrous joints

mostly synarthroses - immovable

What are the three types of fibrous joints

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

Sutures

Fibrous joints

Synarthroses

What fibrous joint is in the skull

Sutures

Syndesmoses

Bones connected by ligaments

Slight movement - amphiarthroses

What fibrous joint is in the distal tibia fibula

Syndesmoses

Gomphoses

socket

synarthroses

Which joint is the teeth

Gomphoses

Which fibrous joint is slightly movable and how

Syndesmoses

longer the tissue, more movement

Cartilaginous joints

bones joined by cartilage

do Cartilaginous joints have cavities

No

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints

Synchondroses, Symphysis

Synchondroses

Cartilaginous joints

connect bone by hyaline cartilage

Functional classification of synchondroses (cartilaginous joint)

Synarthroses - immovable

Which joint is the ephiphyseal plate

Synchondroses

Joint where long bone growth occurs

Synchondroses

Symphyses

Cartilaginous joints

Bones connected by fibrocartilage

functional classification of symphyses

amphiarthroses

What cartilaginous joint is in the intervertebral disc

Symphysis

Synovial joints

Have cavities

Diarthrotic - freely move

Include all limb joints and most body joints

6 distinguishing features of synovial joints

Articular cartilage - hyaline cartilage that prevent crushing bone ends

Fluid Synovial cavity

Joint Capsule

Synovial fluid

Reinforcing ligaments

Nerves and blood vessels

What are the two layers of articular (joint) capsule in synovial joints

Outer Fibrous layer (dense irregular connective tissue)

Inner synovial membrane - loose connective tissue - makes synovial fluid

Synovial fluid functions

lubricate and nourish cartilage
phagocytic cells to remove debris

What are the three different reinforcing ligaments of synovial joints

capsular, extra capsular, intracapsular

reinforcing ligaments of synovial joints - Capsular

- fibrous layer of capsule

reinforcing ligaments of synovial joints - extracapsular

Outside capsule

reinforcing ligaments of synovial joints - intracapsular

Inside capsule - covered by synovial membrane

What is proprioception and what is it done by

Awareness of body position - nerve fibers

Fatty pad

in synovial joints - cushions between fibrous layer and synovial membrane of capsule

Menisci / articular disc - which joint and functions

fibro cartilage that improve fit, stabalize joint, and reduce wear
in synovial joints

Bursae - which joint and functions

synovial joints

sac with synovial membrane and synovial fluid

Reduce friction between bascially everything that rubs together

Tendon sheath -which joint and functions

synovial joints

elongated bursa around tendon to reduce friction

What are the three stabilizing factors of synovial joints (least to most important)

1. Articular surface (bone) shape

2. Ligament number and location

3. muscle tendons

muscle tone keeps tendons ___

taut

what makes synovial fluid

synovial membrane

what is the synovial membrane made of

loose connective tissue

What is the fibrous layer of capsule made of

dense connective tissue