Public Order Crimes

public order crime

behavior that is outlawed because it threaten the general well being of society and violates its accepted moral principles

victimless crimes

crimes against the public order; contrary to the public’s collective notion of decent/moral behavior

moral entrepreneurs

powerful individuals who persuade society that their definition of a social problem and its policy resolution represents a shared consensus about what is best/right for the social order

drug abuse

use of any chemical substance, whether legal/illegal, to result in the physical, mental, emotional, or behavioral impairment of the individual

addiction

chronic condition; causes physical/psychological compulsion to seek the use of a drug, despite its harmful consequences

tolerance

builds over time when the brain adapts to the chemical substance which produces less of a high

narcotics

highly addictive

depressants

high potential for addiction because they build tolerance, often used to relieve tension and anxiety

stimulants

high degree of psychological dependence, often produce physical changes in body

hallucinogens

no known medical use, produce state of confusion and hallucination that can lead to violence, aggression

cannabis

degree of psychological dependence unknown, marijuana is most widely used illicit drug among teenagers

morphine, codeine, heroin

narcotic examples

alcohol and muscle relaxers

depressant examples

cocaine and crack

stimulant examples

PCP, LCD, ectasy

hallucinogen examples

trafficking and distribution

drug ____ and ____ is a source of crime

self-report

adolescent drug users more likely to ______ to delinquency than abstainers.

illicit

adults arrested for a serious crime are more likely to have used an ____ drug in the past year than individuals who were not arrested for a serious crime.

28, 7

approximately __% of adults on probation report current drug use compared to __% of adults not on probation

subcultural view

disproportionate number of drug abusers are poor, substance abuse is higher in neighborhoods with deteriorated living conditions

psychological view

substance abuse has to be linked to psychological and psychotic disorders, drugs may be a way to deal with traumatic emotional experiences

genetic factors

children of alcoholic parents are more likely to develop substance abuse problems

social learning

drug abuse may be linked to observing parental/peer use

rational choice

some people use substances because they want to enjoy their effects, abuse may be mistaken belief that drugs can benefit the user

source control

deter sale and importation of drugs, apprehend large-volume dealers

interdiction strategies

intercept drug supplies as they enter US illegally, however homegrown US drugs are becoming more prevalent

forfeiture

seize items of value furnishes or intended to be furnished by proceeds traceable to illegal drugs

decriminalization

the redefinition of certain previously criminal behaviors into regulated activities that become ‘ticketable’ rather than ‘arrestable’

legalization

elimination of the laws and criminal penalties associated with certain behaviors'; usually the production, sale, distribution, and possession of a controlled substance

prostitution

nonmarital consensual exchange of sexual acts for material gain

activity has sexual significance for the customer, economic transaction, and emotional indifference

elements that must take place for prostitution to occur

ehooking

using internet for purposes of prostitution in order to shield identities and contact clients

international sex trade

industry where clients travel abroad to have sex with clients

skeezers

women who engage in prostitution in exchange for drugs; more likely to be women 25 and under

streetwalkers

those who walk the street in plain sight soliciting sexual activity from customers

streetwalkers

which prostitute type is considered least attractive, lowest paid, and most vulnerable?

bar girls or dancers

hostesses/dancers who are also expected to provide sexual entertainment

call girls and escorts

usually middle-class women charging high amounts to wealthy clients

call girls and escorts

this type of prostitute often works for private companies and are ‘ordered’ to a home or hotel

cyber prostitutes

set up personal websites/listings to solicits their services

attracting variables

leads individuals to consider prostitution as a form of financial support

precipitating factors

circumstances/experiences that place vulnerable individuals at risk of turning to prostitution

predisposing factors

increase the likelihood that an individual will turn to prostitution