Health Assessment - genitourinary and reproductive

3 metabolic wastes

urea, creatinine, uric acid

female reproductive system

produces one mature oocyte per month, retains and nurtures zygote.

sperm production

produce immobile sperm not yet capable of fertilizing an oocyte while other parts are responsible for maturation, nourishment, storage, transport. They are moved by cilia lining efferent ductules into the epididymus. sperm development requires temperatures 1.1C lower than body temp. muscles relax or contract to move testes

oogenesis

begins before birth, accelerates at puberty and ends at menopause.

- fetal ovaries contain oogonia (stem cells) that undergo mitosis producing diploid primary oocytes.

- at birth: primary oocytes degenerate in a process called atresia. remaining stay at prophase 1 until puberty

- puberty: some are stimulated to finish meiosis 1, producing haploid secondary oocytes

common presentations of GI and reproductive in males

cystitis, UTI, pylonephritis, urinary delay, STIS

cystitis

inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by a bacterial infection

pylonephritis

a serious type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that causes inflammation and infection in one or both kidneys

common presentations of GI and reproductive in females

aymptomatic bacteriuria

cystitis, uti, pylonephritis

incontinence

pregnancy

sti

bleeding

PMS and PMD

ectopic pregnancy

pregnancy that happens outside of your uterus. This occurs when a fertilized egg implants in a location that can't support its growth.

testicular torsion

when a testicle rotates, twisting the spermatic cord that brings blood to the scrotum. The reduced blood flow causes sudden and often severe pain and swelling.

endometriosis

a chronic, often painful disease where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, typically on pelvic organs like ovaries and fallopian tubes

polycystic ovarian disorder

hormonal disorder characterized by irregular periods, excess androgen levels, and small ovarian cysts

red flags reproductive

sudden onset of severe lower abdominal pain

haematemesis

hematuria

severe metrorrhagia

persistent unexplained vomiting

absent cremaster reflex

sudden enlargement of prostate

inability to pass urine

metorrhagia

abnormal bleeding from the uterus.

cremaster reflex

a superficial reflex in human males where stroking the inner thigh causes immediate contraction of the cremaster muscle, resulting in elevation of the ipsilateral (same-side) testicle

urine production

maintains homeostasis by regulating volume and composition of blood

functions of urinary system

regulate blood volume and pressure

adjust volume of water lost in urine

release erythropoietin and renin

regulate plasma ion concentrations

control quantities of sodium, potassium, chloride and other ions

calcium ion level controlled through synthesis of calcitriol