MSCI 112 - Exam 2
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40 Terms
Which of the following sets of processes is written in order of decreasing temperature?
metamorphism, diagenesis, sedimentation
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following terms describes the alteration of sediments to sedimentary rocks after deposition?
diagenesis
3 multiple choice options
What type of sediments are accumulations of solid fragments produced by plankton?
biochemical (or biogenic) sediments
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following minerals would be most concentrated at a site containing heavily weathered sediments?
quartz
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following processes occurs during lithification?
all of these may occur during lithification
3 multiple choice options
The type of weathering whereby rocks may be dissolved is called what?
chemical weathering
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following minerals, common in granite, is least affected by chemical weathering?
quartz
3 multiple choice options
As a rock breaks into smaller pieces, the ratio of surface area to volume?
increases
3 multiple choice options
Acids enhance chemical weathering. What is the most common natural acid on Earth's Surface?
carbonic acid
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following minerals will have the least chemical stability?
a mineral with high solubility and a high rate of dissolution
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following will increase the rate of chemical weathering of a rock at Earth's surface?
all of the above
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following processes describes the general downhill movement of rock, soil, or unconsolidated materials under the influence of gravity?
mass wasting
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following is not an important factor in causing mass movements?
temperature of slope materials
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following types of seismic waves arrives at a seismograph first?
P waves
3 multiple choice options
An earthquake's Richter magnitude is based on what?
The amount of ground movement caused by seismic waves
3 multiple choice options
Reverse faults form in response to _________ forces.
compressive
3 multiple choice options
What type of fault is characterized by the rocks above the fault plane moving upward, relative to the rocks below the fault plane?
a reverse fault
3 multiple choice options
An oblique-slip fault suggests what?
shear forces combined with compressive or tensional forces
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following types of tectonic forces cause faulting?
all of the above
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following geologic features is commonly formed in a region deformed by tensional tectonic forces?
a rift valley
3 multiple choice options
What type of structure is characterized by rock layers that dip toward a central point?
a basin
3 multiple choice options
IF erosion stripped the top off a dome, one would find what?
The oldest rocks exposed in the center
3 multiple choice options
The process of deformation does not include which of the following?
melting
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following processes will cause metamorphism?
all of the above
3 multiple choice options
Basaltic lavas are what?
high temperature
3 multiple choice options
A type of basaltic lava flow is what?
both Aa and Pahoehoe
3 multiple choice options
The parallel alignment of mica in a metamorphic rock is an example of what?
foliation
3 multiple choice options
During metamorphism, a rock will not what?
lose its solid form
3 multiple choice options
Choose the lowest grade of metamorphic rock.
slate
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following tectonic settings will be coolest at 30 km depth?
stable continental lithosphere
3 multiple choice options
T/F: Smaller particles settle slower than larger particles
True
T/F: Faster currents can carry larger particles than slower currents?
True
T/F: The presence of soil contributes to more rapid weathering of the underlying bedrock.
T/F: Chemical weathering increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
False
T/F: Mass movements occur when the force of gravity exceeds the strength of the slope materials
True
T/F: Fine sand forms steeper slopes than coarse sand.
False
T/F: The time and location of most major earthquakes can be predicted several days in advance
False
T/F: Lithification is the breakdown and transport of rock fragments.
False
T/F: Active volcanoes are usually found in the middle of continental parts of plates.
False
T/F: Most of the fatalities associated with volcanoes are a result of explosions during plinian eruptions
False