3.2 Cultural Landscapes Lecture Review

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers key concepts from the 3.2 Cultural Landscapes unit, including cultural theories, regional classifications, gender-related terminology, and historical land survey systems and housing styles.

Cultural Landscape

The visible reflection of a society, including their cultural beliefs and practices, on the physical environment, essentially how human activities modify and shape the natural world.

Cultural Ecology

The study of the relationship between a given society and its natural environment as well as how they influence each other.

Sequent Occupancy

The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape.

Adaptive Strategy

The unique ways in which societies modify their natural environment and adjust their socio-economic practices to survive and thrive.

Symbolic Landscape

Landscapes that have significant meaning beyond what can be seen with the naked eye due to cultural associations or symbols attached to them, such as the Temple Mount.

Perceptual/Vernacular Regions

Areas that people believe to exist as part of their cultural identity, emerging from an informal sense of place rather than scientific models.

Formal Regions

An area defined by a common characteristic, such as a physical attribute or a human attribute like a dialect, local cuisine, or a shared government.

Functional Regions

Areas organized around a focal point and defined by an activity that occurs across the region, often centered around cities or hubs.

Toponyms

Place names that often reflect the culture, history, or geography of a specific cultural landscape, such as Santa Barbara.

Traditional Gender Roles

Societal norms dictating what types of behaviors are generally considered acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for a person based on their actual or perceived sex.

Gender Gap

The discrepancy in socioeconomic and political power, status, attitudes, and opportunity between men and women.

Maternal Mortality Rates

The number of deaths of women during pregnancy, childbirth, or within $42$ days after termination of pregnancy per $100,000$ live births.

Female Infanticide Rates

The frequency of deliberately causing the death of an infant girl due to a preference for male children in certain societies.

Dowry Deaths

The murders or suicides of women killed or driven to end their lives by continuous harassment and torture by husbands and in-laws attempting to extort an increased dowry.

Women's Suffrage

The right for women to vote in elections and their ability to participate fully in the political process, largely granted in the $20 ext{th century}$.

Centripetal Forces

Forces that unite and bind a country together, promoting national unity and stability.

Centrifugal Forces

Forces that tend to divide a country, such as internal religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences.

Cultural Shatter-belt

An area where larger civilizations or states have broken down due to cultural tensions, ethnic conflicts, and balkanization.

Barrio

A Spanish term for a neighborhood or district, often referring to an urban community in a city where the majority of residents are of Hispanic origin.

Ethnic Cleansing

The mass expulsion or killing of members from one ethnic or religious group in an area by a more powerful ethnic group to create a homogenous nation-state.

Balkanization

The process through which a state breaks down due to conflicts among its ethnicities, as experienced by Yugoslavia.

Rectangular Survey System/Public Land Survey System

A way to divide and identify land in the United States based on sets of intersecting lines, used to parcel land west of the Appalachian mountains.

Long-lot Survey System

A system where land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals, used in French and Spanish colonies.

Township and Range System

A land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson that divides land into square units of approximately $36$ square miles, called townships.

Metes and Bounds System

A method of describing land by listing boundary lines' physical features, such as streams or trees, along with directions and distances, used east of the Appalachian Mountains.

Middle Atlantic Housing Style

Colonial-era homes characterized by steep roofs with gables at either end and chimneys at both ends.

Lower Chesapeake/Tidewater Housing Style

A traditional southeastern U.S. housing style typically consisting of one-story homes with steep roofs, large chimneys, and porches.

New England Housing Style

Predominant northeastern U.S. housing styles featuring gabled roofs, small casement windows, and central chimneys, often made from wood or brick.

Mass-produced Housing Style

Homes built on a large scale by a single developer using assembly-line techniques, often featuring similar or identical designs.

Modern Style Post WW2 ($1945$) Housing Style

Residential architecture characterized by simplicity, functionality, and the use of materials like steel and glass.

Neo Eclectic since the $1960 ext{s}$ Housing Style

A mixed-style architecture that combines features from several past architectural styles without being truly faithful to any one style.