Digestive System Study Guide

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What is the main function of the digestive system?

Digestion

What is digestion?

Breakdown + absorption of food

What is a type of digestion?

Mechanical

What is a type of digestion?

Chemical

What is the description of mechanical digestion?

Physical breakdown of food

What is the description of chemical digestion?

Enzymes and acids break chemical bonds

What is an example of mechanical digestion?

Chewing, stomach churning

What is an example of chemical digestion?

HCL in stomach, enzyme

What is the Alimentary Canal (GI Tract)?

25 ft long food tube from mouth—anus

How long is the Alimentary Canal (GI Tract)?

25 ft

What is the first organ of the GI Tract?

Mouth

What is the second organ of the GI Tract?

Pharynx

What is the third organ of the GI Tract?

Esophagus

What is the fourth organ of the GI Tract?

Stomach

What is the fifth organ of the GI Tract?

Small intestine

What is the sixth organ of the GI Tract?

Large intestine

What is the seventh organ of the GI Tract?

Anus

What is an accessory organ?

Teeth

What is an accessory organ?

Tongue

What is an accessory organ?

Salivary glands

What is an accessory organ?

Liver

What is an accessory organ?

Gallbladder

What is an accessory organ?

Pancreas

What is the function of the teeth?

Mechanical digestion

What is the function of the tongue?

Manipulates bolus

What is the function of the salivary glands?

Secrete saliva

What is the function of the liver?

Produces bile

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Stores bile

What is the function of the pancreas?

Digestive enzymes + hormones

How many layers does the GI tract have?

4

What is a layer of the GI tract?

Mucosa

What is a layer of the GI tract?

Submucosa

What is a layer of the GI tract?

Muscularis

What is a layer of the GI tract?

Serosa

What is the function of the Mucosa layer in the GI Tract?

Secretion, absorption (Stratified squamous in mouth and esophagus)

What is the function of the Submucosa layer in the GI Tract?

Blood vessels, lymph vessels, connective tissue

What is the function of the Muscularis layer in the GI Tract?

2 layers smooth muscle (3 in stomach)

What is the function of the Serosa layer in the GI Tract?

Protective outer serous membrane

What is a digestive process?

Ingestion

What is a digestive process?

Propulsion

What is a digestive process?

Mechanical digestion

What is a digestive process?

Chemical digestion

What is a digestive process?

Absorption

What is the definition of ingestion?

Taking in food

What is the definition of propulsion?

Moving food (peristalsis)

What is the definition of mechanical digestion?

Chewing, churning, segmentation

What is the definition of chemical digestion?

Enzymatic breakdown

What is the definition of absorption?

Nutrients enter bloodstream

What is Peristalsis?

Wave-like contractions

What is segmentation?

Mixing contractions (small intestine)

What is neutral control in the regulation of digestion?

Controlled by the medulla oblongata, receptors

What is a receptor in neutral control?

Mechanoreceptors

What is a receptor in neutral control?

Chemoreceptors

What is a receptor in neutral control?

Osmoreceptors

What do the mechanoreceptors detect?

Fullness

What do the chemoreceptors detect?

Chemicals

What do the osmoreceptors detect?

Nutrient concentration

What is a structure of the mouth?

Lips (Labia)

What is a structure of the mouth?

Hard and soft palate

What is a structure of the mouth?

Tongue

What is a structure of the mouth?

Palatine tonsils

What is the hard and soft palate of the mouth?

Tongue, mouth roof

What is a type of tongue muscle?

Intrinsic

What is a type of tongue muscle?

Extrinsic

What is the function of the intrinsic tongue muscle?

Shape

What is the function of the extrinsic tongue muscle?

Movement

What is bolus?

Ball of swallowed food

What is a salivary gland?

Parotid

What is a salivary gland?

Submandibular

What is a salivary gland?

Sublingual

Where is the parotid salivary gland located?

Near ear (Mumps infection)

Where is the Submandibular salivary gland located?

Under jaw

Where is the Sublingual salivary gland located?

Under tongue

What does the saliva contain?

Water

What does the saliva contain?

Salivary amylase (carb digestion)

How many deciduous (baby) teeth are there?

20

How many permanent teeth are there?

32

Wisdom teeth erupt later

True

What is a layer of the tooth?

Crown

What is a layer of the tooth?

Neck

What is a layer of the tooth?

Root

What is a region of the pharynx?

Nasopharynx

What is a region of the pharynx?

Oropharynx

What is a region of the pharynx?

Laryngopharynx

What is the function of the Nasopharynx?

Air

What is the function of the Oropharynx?

Food and air

What is the function of the Laryngopharynx?

Food and air

How long is the esophagus?

10 inches

The esophagus is…

Posterior to trachea

What is the upper 1/3 section of the esophagus?

Skeletal

What is the middle 1/3 of the esophagus?

Mixed skeletal/smooth

What is the lower 1/3 of the esophagus?

Smooth

What is the major site of chemical digestion?

Stomach

What is a region of the stomach?

Cardiac

What is a region of the stomach?

Fundus

What is a region of the stomach?

Body

What is a region of the stomach?

Pylorus

What is the unique feature of the stomach?

3 smooth muscle layers (for churning)

What is Chyme?

Semi-liquid mixture

How long is the small intestine?

10 meters