4.6 Internal and External Challenges to State Power - AP World

Ana Nzinga

Portugal and other powers attacked Ndongo. To stop, this ruler became allies with Portugal and became Christian. She also fled west to Matamba for Dutch alliance and freed slaves

Serfdom in Russia

This kept peasants under control. These provided free labor and were tied to the land they worked on, used widely in Russia for government benefit only

Cossacks

These were skilled fighter peasants that lived on steppes. They were runaway serfs influenced by the Mongols and against the tsars. These were important in Russia’s expansion into Siberia

Yemelyan Pugachev and the Pugachev Rebellion

This person began a rebellion against Catherine the Great in 1774 for giving the power to nobility rather than serfs. He gathered a group of different people who had Russians hurt them, too, and led a rebellion which led Catherine to oppose peasants

Mughals vs Hindus

Since much of the population was Hindu in the Mughal empire, they had conflicts from 1680-1707. Hindus formed the Maratha Empire, officially ending Mughal rule

Pueblo Revolt

In New Mexico, this revolt went against the Spanish. In this the Pueblo and Apache fought forceful conversion colonizers, but Spanish won and reconsidered them

Maroon Wars

Slaves in the Caribbean and former Spanish territories fought to gain freedom against Spanish colonists in these wars. Queen Nanny is an example of a maroon that escaped slavery and United all maroons

Gloucester County Rebellion

In the United States, Virginia, enslaved Africans and white indentured servants demanded freedoms from their governor. They got ambushed by authorities and were arrested

Metacom’s War

Final effort to drive British from New England. Native American groups such as Mohegan and Pequot sided with the English, however another group ended with subjugation to English colonists

William of Orange / Glorious Revolution

The nephew of James II, King of England. Since he was anti-Protestant, many English people were angry and this person invaded and became king while James went to France. This was a non-violent revolution