RAD 169 Unit 3 Exam

for an IVU, is consent needed?

yes

for a cystogram, is consent needed?

no

for a VCUG, is consent needed?

no

What position would be performed during an IVU procedure to demonstrate each upside kidney and downside ureter best?

30 degree oblique

what is the centering for a KUB IVU

iliac crest and MSP

what is the centering for an oblique IVU

vertebral column and iliac crest

what is the centering for an upright KUB IVU

iliac crest and MSP

what is the centering for an AP bladder

2” inferior to ASIS and MSP

what is the centering for a Nephrogram IVU

midway between the xiphoid process and iliac crest

the right kidney will be placed in a true AP position during what projection during an IVU procedure?

30 degree LPO for IVU

if the floor of the bladder is superimposed over the symphysis pubis during an AP Cystogram, what error was made during position?

a. rotation of the pelvis

b. insufficient CR angulation

c. too much contrast in the bladder

d. too much CR angulation

b. insufficient CR angulation

list the functions of the urinary system

-removes nitrogenous wastes

-regulates water levels

-regulates the acid-case and electrolyte balance

lack of voluntary control over urination or defecation

incontinence

complete cessation of urinary secretion by the kidneys

anuria

the inability to completely empty the bladder

urinary retention

distention and dilation of the renal pelvis

hydronephrosis

the act of voiding urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra under voluntary control

urination

blood in the urine

hematuria

eGFR is an acronym for

estimated glomerular filtration rate

the leakage of contrast media from a vein into the surrounding tissue is

extravasation

at what stage of an IVU is the renal parenchyma best seen

within 1 minute following injection

excessive movement or displacement of the kidney when erect/abnormal condition in which the kidney drops down more than 2” when the patient stands up

nephroptosis

what anatomy is evaluated on a loopogram

ileal conduit, kidneys, ureters

a pt is scheduled for a barium enema and an IVU on the same day, which should be performed first?

IVU then BE

(IVU will flush out the barium quicker than a BE)

how many bones make up the SKULL

22

how many CRANIAL bones are there

8

how many FACIAL bones are there

14

frontal, occipital, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid

cranial bones

2 maxilla, 2 zygomatic arches, 2 lacrimal, 2 nasal, 2 inferior nasal conchae, 2 palatine, 1 vomer, and 1 mandible

facial bones

what is the widest portion of the cranium found

parietal tubercles

which cranial bone articulates with all the other cranial bones

sphenoid

where should the petrous ridges be located for a: PA Skull

fill the orbits

where should the petrous ridges be located for a: PA Axial Skull (15 degree angle)

lower 1/3 of orbits

where should the petrous ridges be located for a: PA Axial Skull (30 degree angle)

below the orbits

where should the petrous ridges be located for a: Parietoacanthial (waters)

below maxillary sinuses

where should the petrous ridges be located for a: Modified Parietoacanthial (modified waters)

in the lower half of the maxillary sinus

For an AP Axial Townes, if the pt cannot flex or tuck their chin enough to the OML perpendicular, what can you do

use the IOML and increase caudal angle from 30 to 37 degrees

what does the SMV demonstrate

zygomatic arches

renal pelvis funnels down into the ureter

UPJ ureteropelvic junction

where iliac blood vessels cross over the ureters

pelvic brim

ureters join the bladder

UVJ ureterovesical junction

how much urine can the bladder hold

350-500 mL

triangular portion of the bladder along the inner, posterior surface that is a muscular area that is formed by the two ureters and the urethra

trigone

micturition

act of voiding

neph-

kidney

cysto-

bladder

pyelo-

renal pelvis

uretero-

ureter

urethro-

urethra

vesical/le

fluid filled bladder

which exams are functional

IVU and VCUG

which exams are non-functional

retrograde cystogram, retrograde urethrogram, retrograde urogram, loopogram

which exam requires a BUN and Creatinine

IVU

what are normal BUN levels

8-25 mg/dL

what are normal creatinine levels

0.6 to 1.5 mg/dL

which urinary exam requires us to time the exam

IVU

which ureter is best visualized on an LPO x-ray during an IVU

left ureter

which kidney is best visualized on an LPO x-ray during an IVU

right kidney

what contrast is used for: IVU

isovue 300

what contrast is used for: retrograde cystogram

cystografin

what contrast is used for: urethrogram

cystografin

what contrast is used for: voiding cystourethrogram

cystografin

what contrast is used for: myelogram

lumbar m200, cervical m300

what contrast is used for: arthrogram

isovue 300 and if MRI gadolinium

what contrast is used for: hysterosalpingogram

isovue 300/visipaque

the frontal bone is divided into a two parts, what are they

squamous and orbital

the temporal bones are divided into three parts, what are they

mastoid portion, squamous portion, petrous portion

which bone is the pituitary gland protected by

sphenoid

which cranial bone contains the cribriform plate

ethmoid