Biology Final

Which of the following is true about extinction?

There are many causes of extinctions and an animal or plant may go extinct due to a combination of these factors.

How is a carnivore like an herbivore?

Both pass on much less energy to the next trophic level than they received.

Which biogeochemical cycle is directly associated with fossil fuels?

carbon

In the carbon cycle, carbon is returned to the atmosphere by

 respiration of animals and plants.

Resources that are not in limited supply are called

renewable resources

Coastal degradation, such as the loss of mangrove swamps and coral reefs, is primarily caused by

the large concentration of people living along coasts.

Energy flow in an ecosystem begins with

autotrophs

Underground water that is heated by radioactive decay and used to produce steam for home heating or hot water use is known as

geothermal energy.

During summer months, many highly populated communities are placed under water restrictions. During this time, people are not allowed to wash their cars or water their lawns. The reason for this would probably be

low levels of water in underground aquifers.

The main goal of conservation biology is to

apply scientific principles to preserving and restoring ecosystems.

The treatment of a disorder by inserting genetic material into an organism is called

gene therapy

The loss of a keystone species would lead to

a great number of secondary extinctions.

Replacement reproduction cannot bring about zero population growth unless

there are as many older women leaving the reproductive years as there are younger women entering them.

Pandas live in the midst of bamboo forests located in a mountainous area. A study that examines how the presence of farmland in and around the bamboo forests prevents pandas from moving from one bamboo forest to another would utilize the study of which kind of biodiversity?

landscape diversity

The demographic transition, where population growth slows in developed countries, is due to a(n)

decreased death rate followed by a decreased birthrate.

The study of the interrelationships of living organisms with one another and with their environment is known as

ecology.

Dams provide water for 40 percent of irrigated land, but there are both advantages and disadvantages to dams. Which of the following is an advantage of dam use?

provide electricity for many countries

When designing a reserve area, there should be a limit to

how small the area is so that edge effects will be minimized.

Ecology is best defined as the study of

the interactions between organisms and with their physical surroundings.

Restriction enzymes are specifically named after their ability to

restrict the growth of viruses in bacteria.

What drives the movement of winds across the face of the Earth?

the unequal heating of the surface of the Earth by the sun

The human growth curve is best described as being

J-shaped

PCR requires the use of which enzyme?

DNA polymerase

When withdrawal from an aquifer exceeds the rate of recharge, this is known as

groundwater mining.

The subdiscipline of conservation biology that seeks scientific ways to return ecosystems to their state prior to habitat degradation is called

restoration ecology.

Which of the following is comprised of a community of organisms, plus its physical environment?

ecosystem

Which of the following endangered animals is most likely to become a flagship species?

African elephant

The use of wheat, corn, rice, and other crops modified from wild ancestors are an example of what type of value drawn from biodiversity?

agricultural

How much of the water on Earth is fresh water?

3%

Humans are biologically adapted to be

omnivores

Which of the following species would be considered a flagship species?

dolphins

Which of the following is the main reason that species go extinct?

habitat destruction.

The relatively thin layer on the earth's surface where life is possible is known as the

biosphere.

Ecosystems are based on complex interactions between communities. What are possible consequences from a disruption of these interactions?

increases in extinctions

Animals that feed on both plants and other animals are called

omnivores

What is the role of DNA ligase in recombinant DNA technology?

DNA ligase seals DNA into an opening created by a restriction enzyme.

When settlers move into a wooded area, they slash and burn the woods, increasing grass production. Initially, they are likely to see

grasshoppers increase.

What kind of diversity is dependent on the interactions between species and their abiotic environment in a particular area?

ecosystem diversity

Providing guided tours of natural ecosystems, such as tropical rain forests, is often more profitable than destroying them. Ecotourism is an example of

an indirect value of biodiversity.

Which organism eats only plant foods?

herbivore

What happens to the amount of available energy as you progress up the food pyramid?

The amount of energy decreases.

A number of populations of different species interacting with one another is called

a community

Which of the following organisms would be considered a decomposer?

mushroom

Which statement about the hydrologic cycle is accurate?

 

Some water evaporates from land and from plants.

Which of the following processes removes carbon from the atmosphere?

photosynthesis

The greenhouse effect is

due to atmospheric gases trapping and radiating heat back to Earth.

Gene therapy is increasingly relied upon as a part of cancer treatment because it

make healthy cells more tolerant of chemotherapy, while making tumor cells more sensitive.

The two techniques typically used to create transgenic animals are

microinjection of eggs and vortex mixing of eggs

If the total amount of solar energy captured by plants in an ecosystem is 10,000 kilocalories, how much of this energy will be available to the next trophic level?

1,000 kilocalories

Which biome has the greatest diversity of species and total amount of living matter?

tropical rain forest

Which kind of organism would be most likely to perform photosynthesis?

autotroph

The base of an ecological pyramid represents the

producer trophic level.

Which of the following is(are) sites of in vivo gene therapy?

muscle cells

An example of ecotourism would include

vacationing to hike or watch birds in a natural outdoor environment.

One of the problems that limits the use of gene therapy is

the detrimental side effects from the inserted genes.

Where would a rain shadow be located?

the leeward side of a mountain range located near the ocean

How are omnivores, carnivores, and herbivores similar?

They are all consumers and produce carbon dioxide.

Why would goats and cattle be used in gene pharming?

Therapeutic and diagnostic proteins are produced in the milk of goats and cows and can be harvested for use.

A major difference in the production of transgenic bacteria, plants, and animals is that

transgenic animals require the use of a host to carry the genetically modified embryo, while bacteria and plants do not.

An ecosystem consists of what two components?

biotic and abiotic factors

The regulation of climate, cleansing of fresh water, and support of ecotourism are examples of what type of value drawn from biodiversity?

indirect

The only heterotrophs *required* for an ecosystem to function are

decomposers.

What is the main use of most of the world's freshwater supply?

irrigation of crops

The ultimate source of energy for the majority of organisms on Earth, including humans, is

sunlight.

Which of the following statements is true about biodiversity?

Overexploitation by human activities can lead to a loss of biodiversity.

All of the organisms living in your front yard represent a(n)

community.

The primary consumers that feed directly on green plants are called

herbivores

Biodiversity would be predicted to be highest in

Brazil.

Ecologists have found that

energy flows one way through an ecosystem and requires an external input.

In the following food chain, which organism is a secondary consumer? \n grass → rabbits → snakes → hawks → foxes

snake

Which of the following procedures would most likely be used to identify a specific individual?

DNA fingerprinting

The greenhouse gas is associated with landfill decomposition, agriculture, and domestic livestock production is

methane.

Which form of renewable energy is considered diffuse energy and must be collected, converted to another form, and stored if it is to compete with other available forms of energy?

solar

Which of the following is an example of the importance of biodiversity in a natural ecosystem?

pollination of flowers by bees

Which area of the United States would be most likely to experience an increase in the effects of hurricanes and flooding?

Miami

Which of the following is a goal when restoring an ecosystem?

to create a sustainable ecosystem that will continue to function after restoration is complete. use the wildlife and seeds from fragments of the original ecosystem to restore the original ecosystem, begin restoration as soon as possible to salvage existing fragments of the habitat, and create a sustainable ecosystem that will provide services to humans

Which of the following is a site of ex vivo gene therapy?

bone marrow

The broad term that describes ecosystems based on their characteristic climate and their particular community of plants and animals is

biome

Temperate deciduous forests are defined by

a growing season between 140 and 300 days.

When creating transgenic organisms, one major difference between plants and animals is that

only eggs can be used to create transgenic animals, while any plant cell can be used for transgenic plants.

Which of the following is a biotic factor in an ecosystem?

trees

Excessive use of water from aquifers can lead to which of the following?

land subsidence

\

Biodiversity is commonly described in terms of

species diversity.

PCR is often used in forensic analysis since

very small samples are frequently all that are available.

The largest biome on Earth is the

ocean

Replacement reproduction occurs when

each couple has an average of two children, but population growth may still occur.

Which of the following uses an electrical field to separate DNA fragments based on their length?

gel electrophoresis

The gas associated with both climate change and the destruction of the ozone layer is

chlorofluorocarbons.

Genome editing can be used for which of the following?

targeting specific sequences in the DNA for removal or replacement

Carbon first enters the food web in

green plants.

A method used to determine if the DNA found at a crime scene belongs to a particular individual is short tandem repeat (STR). This method employs

repeated sequences found at multiple sites in the DNA.

The depletion of the world's fisheries is most likely due to which of the following?

commercial large-scale fishing

Conservation biology supports which of the following ethical principles?

Extinctions due to human actions are undesirable.

The purpose of PCR is to create

billions of copies of a segment of DNA.

Which of these activities would be permitted in the core of a biosphere reserve?

light ecotourism and research

Which service provided by the natural biodiversity of an ecosystem is unable to be duplicated by human technology?

biogeochemical cycles

Which of the following scenarios is the most likely mechanism by which RNAi silences the expression of genes?

RNAi binds to a mRNA strand before it reaches the ribosome, thereby preventing translation.

Because certain areas have greater diversity, conservation biology would consider them

prioritized for preservation.

Which of the following statements about pollution is mismatched?

eutrophication—a lake dies due to lack of nutrients

The primary producers in an ecosystems are also called

autotrophs