Key Concepts in Early Modern Empires, Trade, and Exploration 56

Immunity to disease

Mugonate brought by European

Feudal

Military gov 90%

Native Mortality

Isobtionationed

Meiji

Sakoku (Closed country)

Labor Union

Worker organizations formed during industrial revolution. fought for better wages, rights and conditions ex, american fed of labor

Simon Bolivar

Letter from Jamaica led independence in S. Americas end Spanish colonial rule

Seneca Falls 1848

Figures like Emmeline Pankhurt campaigned for Women's right to vote

Irish Migration

Potato Famine was a PUSH factor, causing immigrants to move to US, Britain, Canada urban labor force

Meiji Restoration

Political Rev to quickly industrialize before Western imperial colonization

Pueblo Revolt

Indigenous uprising against Spanish rule in new wrld, mexico expelled spanish colonizers

Urban Enclaves

Immigrant communities formed in cities (e.g., China own in SFO) preserved language culture while working industrial jobs

Opium

Britain forced China to accept Opium, got addicted. unequal treat

Karl Marx

German philosopher of The Communist Manifesto

Global Silver Flow

Massive movement of silver from Americas

Confucian revival

Reassertion of Confucian values in Ming China using Civil Service Exams to reinforce hierarchy

Coal/Oil

Primary source of Mass Production in 1st Industrial Revolution. harsh labor conditions

Railroads

Expanded vastly across African colonies, US, Russia and British India. connect inland resources to be shipped for imperial profit

Rubber

Forced labor to harvest rubber under King Leopold II's rule in Congo Free State. brutal explotation

Mono Cropping

Growing a single cash crop in effort of max efficiency, reduce biodiversity for money

Guano mining

High demand bird poop as fertilizer, extracted and exploited from peru and pacfic islands, highly profitable

Toussant Louverture

Led Haitian Revolution against British rule

Capitalism

Intellectual movement supporting private ownership and profit

Socialism

Economic system advocating collective production and welfare

Nationalism

Destabilized Ottoman, fueled revolutions

French US haitian Rev

f- overthrow monary and feudalism u- doi end british rule h-successful slave revolt for the first time, first black republic

romantism

artisitc movement that emphasized emotion, nature. reaction against industrailization

spinning jenny

machine that spun cotton, increased textile production

steamships

replaced sail, more reliable fast, global trade, expanded imperial reach

Casta System

Social hierarchy in Spanish Colonies based on race.

Maroon Societies

Enslaved Africans who escaped and formed settlements in remote areas.

Jew expulsion/accpetance

portugal/spain expelled them - holocaust in 1900 ccot - religious tolerance in ottoman empire, sunni more chill

Women in ottoman

informal politcal influence contrasted with general patriarcal systems

Gunpowder Empires

Empires using gunpowder to expand.

qing

Manchu - han, art to legitimize power

Mughal Empire

Indian dynasty blended traditions of Islam and Hinduism.

ottoman

jainnesaries - army from kdnapped christans, part of devshrine, blocked trade routes

Safavid Empire

Strict Shia empire known for its expulsion and intolerance.

Religious Tolerance in Ottoman Empire

Sunni Muslims exhibited more tolerance compared to Shia.

russia

Tsar expansion to servia, western military tech

Tokugawa Shogunate

Feudal military government in Japan that ensured stability.

Sakoku

Closed country policy in Japan.

Columbian Exchange

Global transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases.

Sugar Plantations

Crops grown for export that drove the global slave trade.

Smallpox

Disease brought by Europeans, leading to 90% Native mortality.

Sikhism

Monotheistic religion that resisted Mughal blending.

Triangle/Atlantic Slave Trade

Trade network linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

akbar religious tolerance

mughal empire w/ inclusion. ended the Jizya tax on non-Muslims, Accepted Hindu faith, and allowed them to serve in government

Protestant Reformation

Movement initiated by Martin Luther's 95 Theses criticizing Church corruption.

Jesuit Missionaries

Catholic missionaries who spread Christianity globally.

Confucian Revival

Reassertion of Confucian values in Ming China.

Joint-Stock Companies

Businesses with shared investment and risk.

Encomienda System

System granting Spanish settlers the right to extract labor from indigenous peoples.

Haciendas

Large agricultural estates using hired or coerced labor.

Global Silver Flow

Massive movement of silver from the Americas to China.

Dutch Fluyt

Efficient cargo ship used by the Dutch for large goods shipment.

Carravel

Small, fast ship for exploring, enabling Atlantic exploration.

Carrack

Large ship using lateen sails for long-distance trade.

Sternpost Rudder

Steering device at the rear of ships used to improve navigation.

cartography

Mapmaking improved age of exploration

gujaritis

Indian ocean trades from india were dominated. This is a commercial hub, facilitating both traditional maritime trade and interactions with emerging European powers

Zheng He

Chinese admiral known for his treasure ships and exploration.

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