ANRS-233 Exam 2 (Unit 3) Study Guide Vocabulary

A collection of 100 vocabulary flashcards based on the ANRS-233 Exam 2 Unit 3 study guide, covering Oxygenation, Fluids and Electrolytes, the Surgical Client, and Tissue Integrity.

Ventilation

The structure, function, and physiology involving the movement of air into and out of the lungs.

Perfusion

The physiological process of the cardiovascular system pumping blood through the lungs and body tissues.

Lung structure

The anatomical arrangement and composition of the respiratory organs.

Lung function

The physiological purpose and operation of the lungs within the cardiopulmonary system.

Cardiopulmonary risk factors

Assessment findings and variables that increase the likelihood of heart or lung dysfunction.

Hypoxemia

A clinical outcome and indication characterized by low oxygen levels in the blood.

Hyperventilation

A factor affecting oxygenation marked by an excessive rate and depth of respiration.

Hypoventilation

A factor affecting oxygenation where respirations are too shallow or slow to meet the body's needs.

Hypoxia

A clinical outcome characterized by an inadequate amount of oxygen reaching the tissues.

Disturbances of electrical conduction

Factors affecting cardiovascular functioning related to the heart's electrical rhythm.

Disturbances of mechanical function

Factors affecting cardiovascular functioning related to the heart's ability to pump blood physically.

Valvular heart disease

A disturbance of cardiovascular functioning caused by damaged or dysfunctional heart valves.

Impaired tissue perfusion

An alteration in cardiovascular functioning where blood flow to tissues is insufficient.

Myocardial ischemia

A condition where heart muscle tissue receives inadequate oxygen, encompassing angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.

Angina pectoris

A manifestation of myocardial ischemia commonly resulting in chest pain.

Myocardial infarction

A disturbance of heart function involving the death of myocardial tissue due to ischemia.

Nasal cannula

An oxygen delivery device consisting of lightweight tubing with two prongs inserted into the nostrils.

High flow nasal cannula

An oxygen delivery device used for patients requiring high concentrations of oxygen.

VentiMask

Delivers high flow oxygen to patients who are not suitable or does not tolerate high flow nasal cannula.

Simple face mask

An oxygen delivery device that fits over the nose and mouth to provide a basic flow of oxygen.

Partial rebreather mask

An oxygen delivery mask with a reservoir bag that allows minor rebreathing of exhaled air.

Nonrebreather mask

An oxygen mask with a reservoir bag and one-way valves that prevents rebreathing of exhaled air.

venturi mask

An oxygen delivery mask that uses an orifice and entrainment ports to deliver specific oxygen concentrations.

aerosol mask

An oxygen delivery device often used as a nebulizer to deliver medicated mist.

nebulizer

A device mentioned as an aerosol mask used to administer liquid medication in a mist form.

CPAP device

Continuous positive airway pressure device used for oxygen therapy.

BiPAP machine

Bilevel positive airway pressure machine used for advanced oxygenation support.

Oxygen toxicity

A potential complication of oxygen therapy resulting from elevated oxygen levels.

Sputum specimen collection

A therapeutic intervention used to obtain lung secretions for diagnostic purposes.

Chest physiotherapy (CPT)

A therapeutic intervention used to help clear secretions from the lungs.

Incentive spirometer

A nursing intervention device used to promote deep breathing and lung expansion.

Pursed-lipped breathing

A therapeutic breathing technique used to improve oxygenation and control respiration.

Flutter valve

A therapeutic device used to assist in the mobilization of mucus from the airways.

Cough and deep breathing

Fundamental nursing actions used to improve lung function and prevent complications.

Huff coughing

A therapeutic intervention and specific coughing technique to help clear airways.

Suctioning

A nursing action used to clear secretions from the airway, including nasotracheal or endotracheal methods.

Nasotracheal tube

An artificial airway inserted through the nose and into the trachea.

Endotracheal tube

An artificial airway inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea for mechanical support.

Tracheostomy

A surgically created opening in the neck into the trachea to provide an airway.

Closed chest draining

The process of using a chest tube to remove air or fluid from the pleural space.

Chest tube

The device used in closed chest draining to restore lung expansion.

Oxygen cylinder

A pressurized tank prepared for the administration of oxygen.

Crystalloids

A type of IV solution made of water and electrolytes that can cross capillary walls.

Colloids

A type of IV solution containing larger molecules that remain in the intravascular space.

Hypotonic solution

An IV solution with an osmolality lower than that of body fluids.

Isotonic solution

An IV solution with an osmolality equal to that of body fluids.

Hypertonic solution

An IV solution with an osmolality higher than that of body fluids.

Solution osmolality

The measurement of the concentration of solutes in an intravenous solution.

IV flow rates

The speed at which intravenous fluids are regulated and administered to a patient.

IV tubing

The equipment used to deliver intravenous solutions from the container to the venous access device.

Blood transfusion

The process of replacing blood volume and components via intravenous administration.

Blood products

Specific components of blood, such as red cells or plasma, used for transfusion.

Blood types

The classification of blood used for matching donors and recipients.

Transfusion reactions

Potential and dangerous complications occurring during or after the administration of blood.

Central venous access devices

Devices used for long-term intravenous therapy that terminate in a large central vein.

Peripheral venous access devices

Devices used to initiate intravenous access through the smaller veins of the extremities.

Peripheral IV lock

The conversion of an IV infusion into a sealed port for intermittent use.

Intake and output

The measurement of all fluids a client consumes and excretes to monitor balance.

Volume-control pumps

Electronic devices used to set and regulate precise IV flow rates.

Acid-base homeostasis

The physiological process of maintain the balance between acids and bases in the body.

ABG ranges

Standard values for arterial blood gases used to interpret acid-base status.

Respiratory acidosis

An acid-base disorder typically caused by a buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Respiratory alkalosis

An acid-base disorder resulting from excessive carbon dioxide excretion.

Metabolic acidosis

An acid-base disorder caused by an excess of acids or a loss of bicarbonate.

Metabolic alkalosis

An acid-base disorder involving an excess of base or a loss of metabolic acids.

Preoperative assessment

Responsibilities including health history, surgical history, allergies, and physical assessment.

Informed consent

A preoperative legal requirement where a patient agrees to a procedure after understand the risks.

Surgical checklist

A tool used to ensure all preoperative tasks and safety measures are completed.

Surgical risk factors

Variables that increase surgical danger, including age, obesity, and smoking.

Obesity

A specific surgical risk factor identified in the preoperative assessment phase.

Smoking

A behavioral variable identified as a risk factor for surgical complications.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE)

A potential surgical complication involving the formation of blood clots in the veins.

Pulmonary embolism (PE)

A life-threatening surgical complication where a blood clot migrates to the lungs.

Hypovolemia

A fluid imbalance complication involving low blood volume.

Hypervolemia

A fluid imbalance complication involving excess blood volume.

Atelectasis

A postoperative complication involving the collapse of lung tissue or air sacs.

Dehiscence

A surgical wound complication where the incision edges separate.

Evisceration

A severe surgical wound complication where internal organs protrude through the incision.

Ileus

A postoperative gastrointestinal complication involving temporary loss of bowel motility.

Oliguria

A postoperative renal complication characterized by abnormally low urine output.

Acute kidney injury (AKI)

A critical surgical complication involving the sudden decline of renal function.

Universal protocol

A component of the intraoperative phase used to prevent errors and ensure safety.

Circulating nurse

A member of the surgical personnel who coordinates care in the operating room.

Certified surgical technologist

A member of the intraoperative team who assists during the surgical procedure.

Surgical environment

The sterile and controlled setting where the intraoperative surgical phase occurs.

Skin preparation

The intraoperative process of cleaning the patient's skin before the first incision.

Regional anesthesia

Anesthesia that blocks sensation in a specific large region of the body.

Local anesthesia

Anesthesia that provides loss of sensation to a small, localized area.

General anesthesia

A reversible state of unconsciousness induced for surgical procedures.

Moderate sedation

A level of sedation, also called conscious sedation, used for minor surgical procedures.

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)

A postoperative pain management system allowing patients to self-administer medication.

Skin anatomy

The study of the layers and structures of the skin relevant to tissue integrity.

Braden scale

A risk assessment tool used to predict pressure injury development.

pressure injury staging

The nursing assessment process for categorizing the severity of pressure-related tissue damage.

Surgical debridement

A type of wound care involving the surgical removal of dead or infected tissue.

Irrigation

A wound care technique using liquid to clean the wound bed.

biological debridement

The use of biological organisms, such as larvae, to clean a wound.

penrose

A type of open wound drain mentioned in the transcript.

Jackson-Pratt

A bulb suction device used as a closed wound drainage system.

hemovac

A circular portable wound suction device used for drainage.