Kinesiology Final

T or F

Muscles have different shapes and fiber arrangement

True

___________ muscles work in groups rather than independently to achieve a given joint motion.

Aggregate muscle action

Muscle property of being sensitive or responsive to chemical, electrical, or mechanical stimuli

Irritability or excitability

Ability of muscle to contract and develop tension or internal force against resistance when stimulated

Contractility

Ability of muscle to be passively stretched beyond its normal resting length

Extensibility

Ability of muscle to return to its original length following stretching

Elasticity

is when tension is developed in a muscle as a result of a stimulus

Contraction

This type of contractions involve muscle developing active tension to either cause or control joint movement.

Isotonic

This is a type of dynamic exercise using concentric and/or eccentric muscle contractions.

Isokinetics

T or F

Quadriceps muscles are antagonists to hamstrings in knee flexion

True

The study of the principles of anatomy, physiology, and mechanics in relation to human movement

The definition of Kinesiology

Which of the following is an example of a transverse plane movement?

Internal rotation of the right shoulder

The frontal plane divides the body into _____.

front and back halves

Lowering the arm to the side or the thigh back to the anatomical position is an example of _____.

adduction

What term is used to describe the movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia in the sagittal plane?

Dorsiflexion

Forward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane away from the spine is called _____.

protraction

Which of the following pairs of muscles produces the strongest contractions?

Bipennate and unipennate muscles

_____ is the ability of muscle to be passively stretched beyond its normal resting length.

 

Extensibility

Which of the following is not true of concentric muscle contractions?

Concentric muscle contractions are commonly described as being a negative type of contraction.

What position is most widely used and accurate for all aspects of the body when reffering to refference and body positions? 

Anatomical Position

What position describes this definition the best: "Sitting upright with knees flexed and hanging over the edge of the
surface." 

Short sitting position

Which answer goes best with this definition: "Relating to the middle or center; nearer to the medial or midsagittal plane"

Medial

Which answer goes best with this definition: "Lateral movement away from anatomical position in lateral plane"

Hint: Raising arms or thighs to side
horizontally

Abduction

Which answer goes best with this definition: "Bending backward, as in knee hyperextension"

Recurvatum

T or F

Muscles have different shapes and fiber arrangement

True

Muscle property of being sensitive or responsive to chemical, electrical, or mechanical stimuli

Irritability or excitability

When doing a bicep curl, which primary muscle is acting as the antagonist in this movement?

Triceps

T or F

Generally, parallel muscles will produce a lesser range of movement than similar-size muscles with a pennate arrangement.

False

T or F

The two major types of fiber arrangements are parallel and pennate.

True

T or F

All muscle contractions are classified as either isometric or isotonic.

True

T or F

Eccentric muscle contractions are referred to as muscle actions instead of a contraction since the muscle is shortening as opposed to lengthening.

False

T or F

Antagonist muscles are known as prime or primary movers and are most involved in a joint action.

False

T or F

Generally, longer muscles can shorten through a greater range and are more effective in moving joints through large ranges of motion.

True

Which answer best describes this movement of the shoulder? 

• Superior movement of shoulder girdle
• Shrugging the shoulders

Elevation

Which answer best describes this movement of the shoulder? 

• Inferior movement of shoulder girdle
• Returning to normal position from a shoulder shrug

Depression

The extension movement of the ankle that results in foot moving away from body. 

Pointing the foot away from the body.

Plantar Flexion

What Cardinal Plane of motion is this image in?

Hint: Divides body into (top) superior and
(bottom) inferior halves when the
individual is in anatomic position
• Example: Spinal rotation to left
or right

Transverse Plane

What Cardinal Plane of motion is this image in?

Hint: Divides body into equal, bilateral segments

Sagital Plane

Bone size and shape are influenced by the direction and magnitude of forces that are habitually applied to them is called what type of Law? 

Wolff's Law

Which muscle would be the antagonist muscle when performing a tricep extension? 

Biceps

When performing a plank hold, which muscle contraction is a person performing?  

Isometric

In the context of shoulder girdle movements, which of the following terms refers to the movement of the scapula medially toward the spinal column, as in pinching the shoulder blades together?

Adduction

Which of the following actions is performed concentrically by the levator scapulae muscle?

Elevation

Which of the following applications necessarily involves the levator scapulae muscle concentrically?

Shrugging the shoulders

Which of the following muscles concentrically performs both elevation and depression?

The trapezius muscle

T or F

The most palpable shoulder girdle muscle is the trapezius muscle.

True

In the context of shoulder girdle movements, which of the following terms refers to the movement of the scapula medially toward the spinal column, as in pinching the shoulder blades together?

Adduction

The trapezius lower fibers are involved concentrically in all of the following actions except:

Elevation

What 5 muscles are primarily involved in shoulder
girdle movements? 

Pectoralis minor, Levator scapula, Rhomboid, Trapezius, Serratus anterior

T or F

From your knowledge of the shoulder girdle, is this statement true or false? 

 

"Shoulder girdle movements
= scapula movements"

True

T or F

The entire upper extremity depends upon shoulder girdle to serve as a
base from which to function.

True

T or F

The Scapula and Clavicle make up the bones for the shoulder girdle. 

True

Which of the following is an action of the middle fibers of the deltoid muscles?

Abduction and horizontal abduction

Which of the following is a concentric action of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

Both internal rotation and extension

Which of the following is the most often injured rotator cuff muscle?

The supraspinatus muscle

T or F

The rotator cuff group includes the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles.

True

T or F

Posterior dislocations occur frequently at the glenohumeral joint.

False

There are how many degrees of internal and external rotation of the shoulder joint when in the horizontal plane? 

70 to 90 degrees

There are how many degrees of abduction of the shoulder joint when in the frontal plane? 

90 to 95 degrees

GIRD stand for what? 

Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit

In the context of shoulder girdle movements, which of the following terms refers to the movement of the scapula medially toward the spinal column, as in pinching the shoulder blades together?

Adduction

The scapula moves laterally away from spinal column. What movement is this called? 

Abduction

downward or inferior movement of scapula, as in returning to normal position is called what motion? 

Depression

Most commonly affects serratus anterior leading to medial winging
when pushing forward or raising arm

Winging Scapula

T or F

Ligaments are very tight until extreme ranges of motion are reached due to wide range of motion involved

False

Thee are how many degrees of internal and external rotation in the Glenohumeral Joint? 

70-90

Overhead athletes with a gird of greater than _____ % have a higher risk of injury.

20

What is the range of motion for glenohumeral joint abduction?

90-95

 What is the degrees in range of motion for shoulder extension

40-60

What is the degrees in range of motion for shoulder flexion?       

90-100

What is the degrees in range of motion for shoulder internal and external rotation?

70-90

This is a movement of humerus that is moving away from midline of body. 

What movement is this called?

Diagonal Abduction

This is a movement of humerus that is moving towards the midline of body. What movement is this called?

Diagonal Adduction

Choose all that apply.

What 3 particular action movements do the Anterior Deltoids perform? 

Flexion, Abduction, Horizontal Adduction

Choose all that apply.

What 2 particular action movements does the Pectoralis Major perform?

Horizontal Adduction, Internal Rotation

Choose all that apply.

What 3 particular action movements does the Latissimus Dorsi perform?

Internal Rotation, Adduction, Horizontal Abduction

T or F

Upward or superior movement of scapula, as in shrugging shoulders is called Scapula Depression

True

T or F

The more mobile a joint is, the less stable it is and the more stable it is,
the less mobile

True

T or F

The Ulna is much larger proximally than radius.

True

T or F

The Olecranon is much larger distally than ulna.

False

T or F

The Elbow only allows flexion and extension. 

True

In anatomical position, it is common for forearm to deviate laterally from arm 5 to 15 degrees. This is called what? 

Carrying Angle

T or F

Males commonly have a slightly greater carrying angle than women

False

External rotary movement of radius on ulna that results in hand moving from palm-down to palm-up position is called what? 

Supination

“Tennis elbow”: common problem usually involving the extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor digitorum muscle near its origin on lateral
epicondyle. What is the medical name for this? 

Lateral epicondylitis

“Tommy John procedure” is a surgical procedure of the _____ ligament using a tendon graft such as palmaris longus tendon. 

UCL

T or F

The knee is the largest joint in the body

True

The _____ bone is not part of the knee joint 

Fibula

There are how many Quadriceps muscles?

4

What are the names of these Quadriceps muscles? 

Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius

What are the three hamstring muscles? 

Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus

There are how many degrees of flexion in the knee? 

140

T or F

Hamstring muscles would be considered antagonists muscles to quadriceps of the knee. 

True

Tightening a screw with a screwdriver using the right hand depends significantly upon the action of the _______.

biceps brachialis

T or F

Supination refers to an internal rotary movement of the radius on the ulna.

False

T or F

In the anatomical position, the radius is more medial than the ulna.

False

T or F

Flexion of the forearm with a barbell in the hands, known as "curling," is an excellent exercise to develop the biceps brachii muscle.

True

T or F

Medial epicondylitis is frequently referred to as "golfer's elbow."

True

Which of the following is not correct regarding menisci in the knee joint?

The lateral meniscus is larger in circumference than the medial.

Which of the following is not true regarding the quadriceps muscle group?

They all extend the knee and flex the hip when contracting concentrically