Pathology charts

Blue Toe syndrome

Painful blue discoloration of the toes

• Atherosclerosis, ulcers and coldness seen

Blue toe syndrome sonographic changes

Reduced flow in foot vessels or turbulence

Occlusion or stenosis

Giant Cell (or temporal) arteritis 

In female, Caucasian pts 70yrs, seen with asymmetrical upper arterial pressures, aching and stiffness of legs

Temporal artery affected:

• Blindness

• headaches

• Jaw claudication 

Giant cell Arteritis Sonographic changes

Mainly affects temporal artery, thicker arterial walls

Buerger’s Disease (or Thromboangitis)

Inflammation in the smaller arteries (DPA, Pero, PTV, Brachial, etc.) in males under 45 years, claudication of arch of foot, ulcerations in fingers and toes

India

Buerger’s disease sonographic changes 

Plaque, stenosis, pain in fingers and toes, thick arterial walls 

Kawasaki Disease

Inflammation of blood vessels in children under 5

High fever, swollen hands and feet, pericardial effusion

Kawasaki Disease Sonographic changes 

Affects coronary arteries, enlarged lymph nodes, arterial wall inflammation, coronary artery aneurysm 

Popliteal entrapment

Pop A is compressed behind the knee, mostly in males

Claudication, numbness, paresthesia, difficult to diagnose

Popliteal entrapment ultrasound changes

Pop A is compressed by the gastrocnemius muscle and adjacent tendons, possible entrapment in other limb

Most common spot for pseudo aneurysm 

CFA

Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Nonatherosclerotic, noninflammatory disease in the arterial wall, Fibrous thickening of intima, media, or adventitia

More common in females

Most commonly seen in renal arteries

Second most commonly seen in ICA
Neck pain, ringing in ear, lightheadedness, hypertension

Fibromuscular Dysplasia USA

Multiple areas of narrowing and dilations/thickness “string of beads”

Most commonly seen in mid-dist ICA

Cervical bruit

Turbulence without high velocities in dist ICA

Bilateral

Fibromuscular dysplasia