Final exam review

A key institution in Russia’s religious and political culture is:

Orthodox Christianity

Russian region that has been the site of much of the country’s ethnic conflict in 2000s?

Chechnya

_____ the founder of the USSR was followed by _____, a very powerful and long-lasting leader. 

Vladimir Lenin; Joseph Stalin

Under the communist system, this was the top policy-making and executive body of the Communist Party. 

Politburo

Gorbachev’s reforms in the 1980s relied on the policies of glasnost and perestroika, or…

political openness and economic restructuring

The two houses of the Russian legislature are 

Duma and the Federation Council

The differences in powers between different regions in Russia are referred to as

asymmetric federalism

Which party has long dominated Russian politics, since it merged in 2001 and then allied itself with Vladimir Putin?

United Russia

The _______ are noted for their control of large amounts of the Russian economy (e.g natural resources and the media)

oligarchs

In which of the following ways has the Russian government sought to combat its demographic problems?

cash bonuses to women who have more than two children

Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party’s 1930s retreat westward into China’s hinterland was known as

Long March

How did Mao Zedong’s beliefs about communism deviate from the Marxist-Soviet model?

revolution could be won by energizing the peasant class.

After the Nationalist Party, the Kuomintang, was overthrown by Mao’s Communist in 1949, they were forced to flee to 

Taiwan

Mao’s disastrous attempt to depart from the Soviet model by rapidly establishing locally directed 

Great Leap Forward

Mao’s late-1960s political campaign in which student radicals attacked authority figures, and intellectuals: 

Cultural Revolution

The Chinese leader responsible for initiating China’s post-Mao program of reform and opening 

Deng Xiaoping

The ______ is the neo-mercantilist model of state-led capitalist development adopted by China

Beijing consensus

China’s legislature is known as

National People’s Congress

Part of China’s executive branch, the _____ is the primary organ of China’s daily government activity led by the Premier

State Council

The Chinese government has engaged in repression of which ethnic minority group, including “re-education camps”?

Uighurs

Which of the following best exemplifies the Chinese regime’s commitment to surveillance?

the Social Credit System

Britain’s control of India started with British East India Company, then shifted to more direct control under 

British raj

For four decades following independence, India followed an economic policy of ____, ultimately leading to slow growth 

import substitution

How are the members of Iran’s Majils chosen?

directly elected by the voters

Iran has become associated with terriorism, in large party due to their support of which armed group?

Hezbollah in Lebanon

Shortly after its creation, the Islamic Republican of Iran was invaded by

Iraq

Operation Ajax refers to

overthrow of Mohammad Mosaddeq in 1953.

What kind of electoral system does Iran use for the Majils?

Single and multi member districts

What is a major element of the quitesit view of Islam?

rejects theocracy and promotes greater separation between church and state

Iran’s private sector is dominated by parastatal foundations called – which function as a key players and control assests

bonyads