Urinary System

Kidney

removed waste products from blood. Maintains water and electrolyte levels.

Erythropoietin

Helps to produce RBC

Nephron

Urine producing microscopic structure

Glomerulus

Cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. Formation of urine begins here

Renal Pelvis

Intersection. Funnel shaped reservoir in the kidney that collects the urine and passes to ureter.

Hilum

Indentation where the renal artery, vein and pelvis are located. Ureter leaves kidney

Ureters

Two slender tubes that receive the urine from kidney and take to bladder.

Urethra

Lowest part of urinary tract. Urine passes from bladder to outside of body

Urinary meatus

Opening where urine passes out of body

Cyst/o

Bladder,sac

Glomerul/o

Glomerulus

Meat/o

Meatus

Nephr/o

Kidney

Pyel/o

Renal pelvis

Ren/o

Kidney

Ureter/o

Ureter

Urethr/o

Urethra

Vesic/o

Bladder,sac

Albumin/o

Albumin (protein by liver)

Azot/o

Urea, nitrogen

Blast/o

Developing cell, germ cell

Glycos/o

Sugar

Hem/o

Blood

Lith/o

Stone, calculus

Noct/i

Night

Olig/o

Scanty, few

Ur/o

Urine. Urinary tract

Urin/o

Urine, urinary tract

Trans-

Through, across, beyond

-iasis

Condition

-lysis

Loosening, dissolution, separating

-osis

Abnormal condition

-pexy

Surgical fixation

-ptosis

Dropping, sagging, prolapse

-stenosis

Construction or narrowing

Tripsy

Surgical crushing

-Uria

Urine, urination

Cystitis

Inflammation of the bladder

Cystocele

Protrusion of the bladder

Cystolith

Stones in the bladder

Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

Hydronephrosis

Abnormal condition of water in the kidney

Nephritis

Inflammation of a kidney

Nephroblastoma

Malignant Kidney tumor

Nephrolithiasis

Condition of stones in the kidney

Nephroma

Tumor of the kidney

Nephromegaly

Enlargement of a kidney

Nephroptosis

Drooping kidney

Pyelitis

Inflammation of the renal pelvis

Pyelonephritis

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney

Uremia

Blood in urine

Ureteritis

Inflammation of a ureter

Ureterocele

Protrusion of a ureter

Ureterolithiasis

Condition of stones in the ureter

Urethritis

Inflammation of the urethra

Ureterostenosis

Narrowing of the ureter

Urethrocystitis

Inflammation of the urethra and bladder

Renal calculus

Stones in the kidney

Renal hypertension

Elevated blood pressure from kidney disease

Urinary retention

Abnormal accumulation of urine. Inability to urinate

Urinary tract infection

Infection of one or more organs

Cystectomy

Excision of the bladder

Cystolithotomy

Incision into bladder to remove stone

Cystostomy

Creation of an artificial opening into the bladder

Lithotripsy

Surgical crushing of stones

Meatotomy

Incision into the meatus

Nephrectomy

Excision of the kidney

Nephrolithotomy

Incision into kidney to remove stones

Nephrolithotripsy

Surgical crushing of kidney stones

Nephrolysis

Separating the kidney

Nephropexy

Surgical fixation of the kidney

Nephrostomy

Creation of an artificial opening into the kidney

Pyelolithotomy

Incision into the renal pelvis to remove stones

Urostomy

Creation of an artificial opening into the urinary system

Urethroplasty

Surgical repair of the urethra

Ureterostomy

Creation of an artificial opening into the ureter

Ureterectomy

Excision of the ureter

Cystoscope

Instrument used for visual Examination of the bladder

Nephroscopy

Visual examination of the kidney

Ureteroscopy

Visual examination of the ureter

KUB

Image including kidney, ureters, and bladder

Blood urea nitrogen

Test blood for urea and nitrogen

Creatinine

Waste products in blood test.

Urinalysis

Routine tests on a urine sample

Albuminuria

Albumin protein in the urine

Anuria

Absence of urine. Failure to produce urine

Azotemia (Uremia)

Nitrogen in the blood

Dysuria

Difficult or painful urination

Glycosuria

Glucose in the urine

Hematuria

Blood in urine

Nocturia

Getting up to pee. No urine loss

Oliguria

Scanty or small urine

Polyuria

Much urine

Pyuria

Pus in the urine

Nephrology

Study of the kidney

Enuresis

Involuntary urination

Nocturnal enuresis

Bed wetting

Diurnal enuresis

Daytime wetting

Stricture

Abnormal narrowing. Bent straw

Urinary incontinence

Inability to control urine