Module 8 Homework: Nervous Tissue and the Central Nervous System (CNS)

T/F

Neurotransmitters bind to voltage-gate ion channels on the postsynaptic neuron

false

T/F

Temporal summation occurs when all of the messages are coming from one presynaptic neuron.

true

Which one of the following is not a neuroglia?

Microglia

Schwann cells

Astrocytes

Neurons

Oligodendrocytes

Neurons

The voltage of the resting membrane potential is:

-70 mV

The sensory homunculus is:

a map of where the sensory information from the different parts of your body is sent to in the brain.

Which of the following best describes how an action potential is triggered.

A) When a a neurotransmitter is excitatory the postsynaptic cell is always going to respond by producing an actional potential.

B) Summation of graded potentials depolarizes the postsynaptic neuron reaching the threshold of voltage at which an action potential will be produced.

C) Spatial summation has to be continuous for the action potential to be produced.

D) When the activity of metabotropic receptors outpaces the activity of ionotropic receptors an action potential is produced.

B) Summation of graded potentials depolarizes the postsynaptic neuron reaching the threshold of voltage at which an action potential will be produced.

Match the white matter tracts of the brain with their functions.

Commissural tracts

connect areas in opposite cerebral hemispheres

Match the white matter tracts of the brain with their functions.

Association tracts

connect areas in the same cerebral hemisphere

Match the white matter tracts of the brain with their functions.

Projection tracts

send information out of the brain (spinal cord)

Which one is not a function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

A) Protects the central nervous system from blows and other trauma.

B) Insulated neurons for more efficient conduction of electrical signals

C) It gives buoyancy to structures of the central nervous system and prevents brain from crushing under its own weight.

D Nourishes brain and carries chemical signals.

B) Insulated neurons for more efficient conduction of electrical signals

T/F

Saltatory conduction only occurs in unmyelinated axons

false

This area of the cerebral cortex is the most important when it comes to higher cognitive functions (such as organizing thoughts and problem solving).

Prefrontal cortex

The nucleus of a neuron is located inside the _______________

cell body (soma)

Which of the listed is a function of basal nuclei in the brain?

A) Temperature homeostasis.

B) Relaying sensory information.

C) Controlling circadian rythms.

D) Suppressing unwanted movements.

D) Suppressing unwanted movements.

Which kind of neuron carries information towards the central nervous system (CNS)?

Sensory neurons.

Which of the following neuroglia maintains the blood-brain barrier?

A) Ependymal cells

B) Schwann cells

C) Oligodencrocytes

D) Astrocytes

D) Astrocytes

Which one of the following is not a function of the nervous system?

A) It's responsible for all behaviors.

B) It works together with the endocrine system to help maintain homeostasis.

C) It allows humans and other animals to interact with their environment.

D) It produces blood cells.

D) It produces blood cells.

Which of the following is a neuroglia of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

A) Ependymal cells

B) Schwann cells

C) Astrocytes

D) Oligodendrocytes

B) Schwann cells

What are the main ion channels that open up when a neuron is depolarizing?

sodium

All bipolar neurons are _____

sensory neurons

Absorption of this ion is necessary for the presynaptic cells to release a neurotransmitter.

calcium

Which of the following is not a mechanism for removing the excess of a neurotransmitter in a synapse?

A) Some neurotransmitters can be inactivated by binding to each other.

B) Some neurotransmitters diffuse away from the synaptic cleft and are taken up by astrocytes.

C) Some neurotransmitters are broken down by enzymes in the synapse.

D) Some neurotransmitters undergo reuptake by the presynaptic neuron.

A) Some neurotransmitters can be inactivated by binding to each other.

Which structure listed below is not part of the brainstem?

A) Midbrain

B) Medulla oblongata

C) Pons

D) Thalamus

D) Thalamus

T/F

The synapse between two neurons always occurs between the axon terminals of the presynaptic neuron and the dendrites of the postsynaptic cell.

false

In which cerebral lobe are the gustatory and olfactory cortexes located?

insula

An injury to the occipital lobe of the cerebrum will most likely affect __________________

vision

Which structure divides your brain into left and right hemispheres ?

The longitudinal fissure

List the meninges in order from outermost to innermost.

dura

arachnoid

pia

Which two parts of a neuron are on opposite ends of it?

dendrites and axon terminals

Which one of these areas of the brain regulates fear and rage responses?

Amygdala

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of a metabotropic receptor?

A) Fast response

B) Longer lasting effect compared to ionotropic receptors.

C) G-protein coupled.

D) The neurostransmitter does not directly opens the ion channel.

A) Fast response

What is a function of ependymal cells?

Assist in the synthesis and movement cerebrospinal fluid.

How many different lobes make up the cerebrum

5

Which structure increases the speed of electrical conduction along the axon?

Myelin sheath

Stronger stimuli affect neurons by:

Increasing action potential frequency

In the PNS, which cells surround neuron cell bodies and regulate their microenvironment?

Satellite cells

Which cells line the ventricles and help circulate CSF using cilia?

Ependymal cells

Neuroplasticity refers to the nervous system’s ability to:

Change structure and function in response to experience

Which CNS structure is the largest and acts as our “execute site” and conscious mind?

Cerebrum

After leaving the lateral ventricles, CSF flows through the:

Interventricular foramina

What is not a function of the cerebellum?

Initiating conscious thought processes

The cerebellum works closely with which other brain region to regulate movement?

Basal nuclei

Why are Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas considered a good example of cortical lateralization?

They are specialized language areas typically found in one hemisphere rather than being equally present in both.

The lateral horns (present in thoracic and upper lumbar regions) contain the cell bodies of:

Autonomic motor neurons controlling visceral effectors, like smooth and cardiac muscle

Which part of the neuron releases neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons?

Axon terminals

Action potentials differ from graded potentials because they:

Are all-or-none

In the spinal cord, the white matter is located:

Surrounding the gray matter in the outer regions

Most sensory neurons are structurally classified as:

Unipolar