Physics and Chemistry: Units, Atomic Structure, and Radiation Types

What is the unit of measurement for heat?

Calorie

Which type of heat transfer mechanically moves molecules in a gas or liquid from an area of high concentration to area of low concentration?

convection

Which of the following is an example of a simple substance?

element

The SI unit for exposure is

Air KERMA

The SI unit for length is

meter

What type of heat transfer moves through a material by touching?

conduction

Which of the following represents a method of ionization when it comes down to injecting contrast media while in the CT department?

exposure to chemical ionizations

Which of the following is not a fundamental unit of Which of the following is considered a complex substance: time, mass, length, or force

force

According to Newton's second law of motion, force is the product of

mass and acceleration

The SI unit for effective dose is

sievert

The SI unit for mass is

kilogram

The SI unit for time is

seconds

The unit of measure for liquid cryogens in MRI is

Kelvin

Which of the following formulas represents force?

F=ma

If a patient gets hit on the right side of the mandible and the force that occurs causes the left side of the bone to fracture refers to which law of physics?

action/reaction law

The SI unit for work is

joules

The SI unit for force is

Newton

Which of the following formulas is used to represent momentum?

p=mv

The SI unit for absorbed dose

gray

The smallest unit of a compound is called a

molecule

Velocity is measured in

speed

Gamma radiation is an example of what type of energy?

EM energy

Which of the following is considered a complex substance

compound

Which of the following is the smallest unit: millimeter, megameter, centimeter, or kilometer

millimeter

A body will remain at rest or will continue to move with a constant velocity in a straight line unless acted on by an external force is

inertia

The SI unit for Radioactivity is

Becquerel

The SI unit for power is

Watt

The smallest unit of an element is an

atom

Which type of heat transfer is caused by infrared radiation?

radiation

Which of the following is the largest unit: micro, kilo, centi, or nano

kilogram

An element with 8 outer electrons and 2 orbital shells belongs to which family

8

Which of the following forces keeps nucleons within the nucleus?

nuclear binding energy

Electron binding energy is measured by using which of the following formulas?

E=mc^2

An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons is called an

isotope

Which of the following keeps electrons within the atom's shells and prevents them from flying away?

electron binding energy

An atom with the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons is called an

isotone

The total number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom refers to its organization on the periodic table by

families or groups

Isobaric reactions give off which of the following types of particles?

beta particles

Which of the following components of an atom contribute to the weight of that atom?

protons and neutrons

An element with 1 outer electron and 3 orbital shells belongs to which row

3

Which is the only type of radioactive atom that has a charge of +1 or -1?

beta

Which of the following types of ionizing radiations gives off photon energy and travels in wave forms?

gamma and XR

Which type of energy does not originate from the nucleus?

X-rays

Which type of radioactivity given off by an atom comes in photon energy form?

gamma

Which of the following atoms have the same atomic number and the same atomic mass (protons and neutrons) but different binding energies?

isomers

Which component is not found within the nucleus of the atom?

electrons

All elements within the periodic table exist in a neutral form. This means they have the same number of ______ and _____.

protons and electrons

All radioactive decay types come from which part of the atom?

nucleus

How many half-lives does it take to reach less than 10% of its original value?

4

Which of the following types of radioactivity has an atomic mass unit of 4 (same amu as Helium)?

Alpha

The formula 2N^2 is used to calculate the total number of electrons within an atom's shell. The third shell can hold up to a maximum of how many electrons using this formula?

18

Which of the following is considered Einstein's Law of Mass-Energy (word)

energy equivalence equation

Which of the following is the formula for work?

force times distance

Velocity formula

v=d/t

Power formula

P=W/t

Which of the following is not a type of heat transfer process: joule, conduction, radiation, convection

joule

Which of the following is not considered the unit scale for measuring temperature?: Fahrenheit, Therms, Kelvin, Celsius

Therms

Which of the following is not a fundamental unit of measurement: length, time, mass, density

density

What is the internationally agreed-upon system for measurement used by all scientists?

SI units

Based on the Law of Conservation of Energy, energy can never be

created or destroyed

What type of energy does a boulder have as it is rolling down the mountain?

kinetic

What is the difference between alpha particles and X-rays

their origins, amu, and charges

What charge does an atom normally have within the periodic table?

neutral

What holds the nucleus of an atom together?

strong nuclear force

Atomic number is the total number of

protons within the nucleus

Binding energy is the amount of energy that is needed to

break away an electron

Emission of particles and energy during the process of radiation is called

nuclear energy

Atoms within each period of the Periodic Table of elements have the same number of

electron shells

The nucleus of every atom must have at least one

proton

What type of electrical charge does an atom have with an additional electron stolen from another atom?

negative

How many half-lives does it take for a piece of radioactive material to reach less than 1% of its original value?

7

Each element has it's one characteristic which is based on the total number of _________ within its atom

protons

Which of the following ionizing radiations is highly penetrating but has a low linear energy transfer?

X-rays

Through the process of ionic bonding, two atoms of opposite charges will ________ to each other?

Attract

The atomic mass unit (amu) is measured by which of the following?

sum of protons and neutrons

What type of electric charge do beta particles carry?

both positive and negative

Atoms that have eight electrons in their outermost electron shell are

less likely to form ionic bonds with other atoms

The outermost shell of an atom can have a maximum of

8 electrons

The SI unit used to measure 1 decay event per second is called

Becquerel

What is the process called in which two atoms bond by sharing the same electrons?

Covalent bonding

Which of the following fundamental particles has a mass number of zero?

Electron

What type of electrical charge does an atom have with a missing electron stolen from another atom?

Positive

Neutrons play a key role in adding stability to which part of the atom?

To the nucleus

What is the maximum number of electron shells possible in an atom?

7

What is the particle called that is made of two protons bound by two neutrons?

alpha

Which of the following is not a fundamental particle of an atom?: Protons, electrons, photons, neutrons

photons

What is physics?

The branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy; includes mechanics, heat, light and other radiation, sound, electricity, magnetism, and the structure of atoms

What is radiologic physics?

The study of the origin, nature, and behavior of x-rays and related types of radiation

What is a standard unit?

A universally accepted, fixed reference quantity used to measure physical properties like length, mass, and time

Unit for energy

joules/secs

Roentgen can be used to measure

exposure (roentgen is all around us)

Define matter

Anything that takes up space; the quantity of matter is mass

What is energy

the ability to do work

What are the two main types of mechanical energy?

potential (object at rest with the ability to do work) & kinetic E (object in motion)

Chemical energy examples

Batteries, fireworks, food processing

Electrical energy examples

Lightning, household electricity

Thermal energy examples

Heat, gas stove, conduction, convection, radiation

Nuclear energy examples

Nuclear power plants, atomic bomb, beta and alpha reactions

Electromagnetic energy examples

X-rays, gamma rays, cell phones, MRI

What is the largest source of natural background radiation?

Radon