February 9 A&P Notes divisions of nervous system, motor pathways

What are the divisions of the nervous system

Somatic, Autonomic Nervous system, Sympathetic division (fight or flight) and parasympathetic division (rest and digest)

What controls the autonomic system?

Sensory information arrives in the brain, hypothalamus, amadgydala, medulla obblangata/pons/brainstem — afectected by hypothalamus, cardiovascular and ventilatory centers

What the does hypothalamus control in the autonomic division?

Major center of homeostatic reflexes

What does the amygdala control in the Autonomic division?

Emotion, fear anxiety

Motor pathways

Upper and lower motor neurons

How many lower motor neurons in the somatic nervous system?

1

How many lower motor neurons in the autonomic nervous system?

2 central and ganglionic neurons (Pre and post ganglionic fibers)

Where is the autonomic ganglion located?

Between the preganglionic and post ganglion neurons

in addition to the 2 lower motor neurons, what is also found in the autonomic nervous system

Autonomic ganglia

Where do sympathetic preganglionic neurons originate?

T1 to L2 spinal cord segments

What are sympathetic chain ganglia?

Ganglia located on either side of the vertebral column

(sympathetic) What are collateral ganglia?

Sympathetic ganglia located in the body cavity

Where do the parasympathetic pre ganglionic neurons originate?

Cranial nerves and sacral spinal nerves

What are terminal ganglia?

Parasympathetic ganglia located near or within the effector organ

Why does the dude running from the bear experience rapid breathing and heart rate?

Sympathetic nervous system activity

Why does the bear experience similar physiological responses while running toward her cubs?

Sympathetic activation supports survival related activity

What neruotransmitter is related by all preganglionic autonomic fibers?

Acetylcholine

What receptors do preganglionic autonomic neurons target?

Nictonic receptors on ganglionic neurons

What happens when Ash binds to nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia?

Depolarization of the posgagnlionic nerve

Which two neurotransmitters do postganglioinc sympathetic release?

Acetylcholine OR norepinephrine

(postgagnlionic sympathetic NS) Which receptors to norepinephrine bind to?

Alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

(postganglionic sympathetic NS) Which receptors to acetylcholine target

Muscarinic receptors on sweat glands and blood vessels of skeleton

postganglionic parasympathetic NS fibers release what?

Acetylcholine

What receptor the acetylcholine released by the postanglionic parasympathetic fibers target?

Muscarinic receptors on effectors

(EXAM) A ganglion is ____?

A collection of nerve bodies in the PNS