quiz 1: chapter 2 - adolescent development

The Endocrine System

 At the time of puberty, the body undergoes a __ that dramatically changes the adolescent’s anatomy, physiology, and physical appearance.

 These changes all begin with events that occur in the ? system during __.

 The endocrine system consists of ? in various parts of the body.

↪ The glands release chemicals called ? into the __ and affect the development/functioning of the body.

biological revolution.

endocrine. puberty.

glands.

hormones. bloodstream.

The Endocrine System

 The hormonal changes of puberty begin in the __, a bean sized structure in the lower/higher part of the brain.

↪ Has effects on physiological and psychological __ and functioning in areas such as ?, drinking, and ?.

↪ The hypothalamus stimulates and regulates the production of __.

hypothalamus. lower.

motivation. eating. sexuality.

hormones by other glands.

The Endocrine System

 The ovaries and the testes are also known as the ?, or sex glands.

 In response to stimulation from the FSH and LH released by the __, the gonads increase their production of the ? hormones.

 There are two classes of sex hormones:

↪ __ (most important for pubertal development is estradiol)

↪ __ (most important for pubertal development is testosterone)

↪ Increases in these hormones are responsible for most of the observable __ changes of puberty (e.g., breast growth in female / facial hair in male)

 Androgens are produced by the ? as well as the ?; at puberty, the pituitary gland increases production of the hormone __, which causes the adrenal glands to increase ? production.

gonads.

pituitary gland. sex.

Estrogens.

Androgens.

bodily.

sex glands as well as the adrenal glands. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). androgen.

Physical Growth During Puberty

 The rate of physical growth dramatically changes as a result of the increase in the levels of ?.

 One of the earliest signs of puberty for both boys and girls is the __.

 At peak height velocity, when the adolescent growth spurt is at a maximum, girls grow about _ inches per year, and boys grow about ? inches per year.

↪ Girls typically reach the beginning of their growth spurt as well as their peak height velocity about __ earlier than boys.

sex hormones.

adolescent growth spurt.

3.5 inches. 4.1 inches.

2 years.

Physical Growth During Puberty

 During the __, not all parts of the body grow at the same pace. A certain amount of ? in growth during this time explains why some adolescents have a “gangly” look in early puberty, as some part of the body grow faster than others.

 The extremities (?,?,?) are the first to hit the growth spurt, followed by the __. The ?,?,? are the last parts of the body to reach the growth spurt.

 A spurt in levels of ? and ? occurs during puberty.

↪ Boys experience a greater increase in muscle growth due to greater __, whereas girls experience greater increase in body fat due to greater ? increase.

adolescent growth spurt. asynchronicity.

(feet, hands, head). arms and legs. torso, chest, and shoulders.

muscle mass and body fat.

testosterone. estradiol.