Biology Key Terms Mich 1 Y9

Organelles of animal, plant, bacteria, sperm, egg and ciliated epithelial cells, + more....

Nucleus (animal cells)

Controls the cell’s activities and contains chromosomes which contain DNA.

Mitochondria (animal cells)

Where aerobic respiration occurs.

Cytoplasm (animal cells)

Where most of the cell’s chemical reactions take place.

Cell membrane (animal cells)

Controls what enters or leaves the cell and separates one cell from another.

Ribosomes (animal cells)

Where protein is made (protein synthesis)

permanent vacuole (plant cells)

Stores cell sap and water; keeps the cell firm and turgid

cell wall (plant cell)

maintains cell structure and protects it. made from cellulose.

chloroplast (plant cell)

contains chlorophyll; traps energy from the Sun and stores it for photosynthesis

what do bacteria cells not have?

membrane-bound organelles

flagellum (bacteria cell)

a tail that helps the bacteria move

cell wall (bacteria cell)

keeps the cell’s structure and protects it. made from peptidoglycan.

slime coat/ capsule (bacteria cell)

protects the cell from damage and prevents it from drying outc

circular loo of DNA (bacteria cell)

contains genetic material for proteins and controls the cell’s activities

plasmids (bacteria cell)

smaller loops of DNA inside the cell and can replicate independently.

acrosomes (sperm cells)

contains digestive enzymes to help the sperm enter the egg

flagellum/ tail (sperm cell)

allows the sperm to move/swim

mitochondria (sperm cell)

releases energy to power movement

haploid nucleus (sperm and egg cell)

contains half the normal amount of chromosomes (23)

cell membrane (egg cell)

changes after fertilisation so no additional sperm can enter

large cytoplasm (egg cell)

contains nutrients for the embryo

cilia (ciliated epithelial cell)

tiny hair projections that beat in co-ordinated waves to move material

many mitochondria (ciliated epithelial cell)

releases energy so the cilia can keep beating

magnification

how many times larger an image is than the original

resolution

the ability to distinguish two points in an image

ultrastructure

the organelles or very small components in a cell