GCSE Chemistry Year 9 Summer Exam Checklist 2026

A diverse set of flashcards covering key concepts, definitions, and principles relevant to GCSE Chemistry.

Atom

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.

Proton

A subatomic particle with a positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron

A subatomic particle with no charge that is located in the nucleus of an atom.

Electron

A negatively charged subatomic particle found outside the nucleus of an atom.

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Ionic Bond

A chemical bond formed through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Covalent Bond

A type of chemical bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons.

Lattice Structure

A three-dimensional arrangement of ions in an ionic compound.

Intermolecular Forces

Forces of attraction between molecules that determine the physical properties of substances.

Solubility

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent, measured by the amount that can dissolve in a given volume.

Neutralization Reaction

A chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water.

pH

A scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

Hazard Symbols

Icons that indicate the risks associated with certain chemicals and substances.

Chromatography

A technique used to separate mixtures into their constituents based on different interactions.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture consisting of visibly different substances or phases.

Electrostatic Forces

Forces between charged particles that hold ionic compounds together.

Conductivity

The ability of a substance to conduct electricity, influenced by its structure and bonding.