chapter 20 american pageant

Martial Law

The body of law imposed by the military over civilian affairs during the Civil War.

Merchant Marine

Civilian ships and sailors who transported food, weapons, and munitions during the Civil War.

Habeas Corpus

The civil right to obtain a writ of habeas corpus as protection against illegal imprisonment; suspended by Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War.

Greenback

A piece of U.S. paper money first issued by the North during the Civil War.

Border States

States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri; they were slave states but did not secede.

Napoleon III

Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, elected emperor of France from 1852-1870; invaded Mexico during the Civil War.

Charles Francis Adams

Minister to Great Britain during the Civil War; aimed to prevent Britain from supporting the South.

Thomas Jackson

Confederate commander known as 'Stonewall'; played a crucial role in the South's victory at Bull Run.

Maximilian

French viceroy appointed by Napoleon III to lead a new government in Mexico; executed after the Civil War.

Sally Tompkins

Confederate nurse who ran a hospital in Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War.

Jay Cooke

New York financier who was key in expanding land grants for the North Pacific Railroad; his bankruptcy impacted the economy.

Abraham Lincoln

President of the U.S. during the Civil War; opposed slavery, issued the Emancipation Proclamation.

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America from 1861 to 1865.

Elizabeth Blackwell

First woman to become a licensed doctor in the U.S. and helped run the US Sanitary Commission.

Clara Barton

Founder of the American Red Cross; served as a nurse in the Civil War.

Ft Sumter

Federal fort in Charleston harbor; its attack marked the start of the Civil War.

Confederacy

The southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861.

Trent Affair

Incident where the Union captured Confederate emissaries, causing tensions with Britain.

Morrill Tariff Act

A 1861 act that raised tariffs to meet war costs; it collected millions despite low rates.

Conscription

The drafting of civilians to serve in the army during the Civil War.

New York City Draft Riots

Uprisings in July 1863 against conscription, suppressed by federal troops.

Alabama

A British-built ship for the C.S.A. that disrupted Union trade during the Civil War.

National Banking System

Established in 1863 to standardize bank currency and facilitate bonds and paper money issuance.

Billy Yank

Nickname for Union soldiers used by Confederate soldiers.

Johnny Reb

Nickname for Confederate soldiers used by Federal soldiers.

William H. Seward

Whig senator who opposed the expansion of slavery; known for the 'higher law' concept.

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued by Lincoln in 1862; declared all slaves in rebellious states free.

Horace Greeley

Founder of the Republican party and influential newspaper editor from 1840-1870.