USSR KT3 stats

What was the circulation of the newspaper Pravda in 1983?

10.7 million

What was the circulation of the trade union paper Trud in 1983?

13.5 million

How many TV sets were in the USSR in 1950?

10,000

How many TV sets were in the USSR in 1958?

Almost 3 million

How many priests were killed by 1923 during the anti-religious campaign?

More than 1,000

How many Orthodox bishops were still at liberty in 1939?

12 out of 163

What percentage of village churches were closed or destroyed by the end of 1930?

Four-fifths (80%)

How many churches were closed within four years (1958-62) under Khrushchev's anti-religious campaign?

10,000

What percentage of the population believed in God in the 1980s according to a government survey?

25%

How many executions were carried out by the Cheka between 1917 and 1923?

Up to 200,000

How many secret police personnel were there in December 1918?

40,000

How many secret police personnel were there by 1921?

250,000

How many prisoners were processed daily by the Karelian Troika (NKVD court) in September 1937?

231

How many NKVD personnel were purged in Yezhov's first six months as head?

Over 3,000

What was the growth of labour camp inmates from 1945 to 1953?

From less than 1.5 million to nearly 2.5 million

What was the growth of Gulag economic activity from 1937 to 1940 (in billion roubles)?

2 billion to 4.5 billion

What was the estimated number of political prisoners in the mid-1970s according to Amnesty International?

At most, 10,000

How many deaths were there in the 1988 Armenian earthquake?

Over 25,000

How many participants were in the Red Square protest against the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968?

7

What percentage of engineering students were female in 1940?

Over 40%

What was the divorce rate in Russia (per 1,000 marriages) in 1979?

340

What percentage of female workers were in the workforce by 1960?

49%

How many women served in the armed forces during WWII?

800,000

How many women received the 'Hero of the Soviet Union' military award?

89

What percentage of total Party membership were female members before WWII?

16%

What percentage of delegates at Party Congresses were female before WWII?

Did not exceed 10%

How many women were on the Central Committee before WWII?

7

What was the percentage of marriages in Moscow ending in divorce by 1926?

50%

What was the birth rate in Moscow (abortions to live births) in the mid-1920s?

3:1

How many years of maternity leave were extended to pregnant women in 1936?

16 weeks

What was the average family size in cities in 1970?

2.4 children

What was the average family size in cities in 1959?

2.9 children

What was the population growth rate in 1982?

0.8%

What was the average Soviet adult alcohol consumption per year (liters of spirits) in 1982?

18 liters

What was the increase in alcohol consumption between 1940 and 1980?

600%

What was the estimated number of alcoholics in the USSR in 1987?

20 million

What was the divorce rate in the USSR (number of divorces per 1,000 marriages) in 1979?

340 per 1,000

How many children aged 7-17 were enrolled in education in 1929?

14 million

How many children aged 7-17 were enrolled in education in 1931?

Over 20 million

What was the average attendance at school in 1926 (in years)?

2.77 years

How many existing church schools were taken over by the state in 1918?

All

What percentage of children failed to complete primary education in rural areas during Tsarist Russia?

88%

What significant event occurred in November 1917?

Bolsheviks ban all non-socialist newspapers; Commissariat of Enlightenment established.

What decree was established in 1918?

Decree on Freedom of Conscience (separating Church and State); Soviet Constitution gives men and women legal equality; Church schools taken over by the state.

What campaign began in 1919?

Campaign for the 'liquidation of illiteracy' begins.

What development occurred in 1921?

Voice radio developed and broadcasting begins in the USSR.

What significant change occurred in divorce laws in 1926?

Divorce laws revised, leading to 'postcard divorces'.

What campaign was launched in 1927?

Campaign against the veiling of women launched; unregistered marriages given equal legal status.

What cultural revolution was launched in 1928?

Cultural Revolution launched (in culture and education).

What organization was established in 1929?

League of the Militant Godless established.

What cultural development occurred in the 1930s?

Cult of Stalin develops.

What was achieved in education by 1931?

Literacy levels reach 94% in urban areas.

What chaos occurred in 1931-32?

Cultural Revolution leads to chaos in many schools.

What ended in 1932?

Cultural Revolution ends; Socialist Realism promoted as official art style.

What began in 1934 regarding education?

Beginning of Stalin's 'Great Retreat' in social policy, restoring traditional attitudes (e.g., in family and education).

What change occurred in higher education in 1935?

Quota system for higher education abolished.

What intensified in 1936 regarding social policy?

Stalin's 'Great Retreat' intensifies: abortion banned, divorce made more difficult, male homosexuality declared illegal.

What accommodation occurred in 1941?

Accommodation with the Orthodox Church (due to WWII).

What measures were taken in 1944 to support family values?

Further measures to support traditional family values (e.g., tax on single people).

What cultural attacks began in 1946?

Zhdanov's attacks on cultural dissent (Zhdanovschina) begin.

What cultural thaw began in 1954?

Khrushchev's cultural 'thaw' begins.

What change occurred in family policy in 1955?

Abortion legalised again.

Who became the first woman in the Presidium in 1957?

Ekaterina Furtseva

What began in 1958 regarding media?

Mass production of televisions begins in the USSR.

What educational reforms were introduced in 1958?

Khrushchev's educational reforms: increased emphasis on technical and vocational education; 8 years of compulsory education established.

What literary achievement occurred in 1958?

Boris Pasternak wins Nobel Prize for Literature for Doctor Zhivago.

What restriction was placed on priests in 1961?

Khrushchev restricts the role of priests.

What cultural trial occurred in 1966?

Trial of Andrei Sinyavsky and Yuli Daniel.

What cultural activity grew in the 1970s?

Growth of dissident activity (including samizdat).

What cultural suppression began in 1982?

Start of Andropov's suppression of arts activities.