Period Groups and Trends Quiz

Octet rule

atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable configuration with 8 electrons in their outermost shell

Ion

an atom with a charge due to the loss or gain of an electron

Cation

positive charge- loses electron (+)

Anion

negative charge- gain electron (-)

Alkali Metal

Group #1, +1 charge

Alkaline earth metals

Group #2, +2 charge

noble gases

Group 18, full shell

halogens

“salt former”, group 17, nonmetal, -1 charge

transition metals

Group 3-12, referred as the d-block elements

Lanthanides

“hidden”, inner transition (between groups 3 &4), f-block (4f after 6s)

Actinides

“hidden”, inner transition (between groups 3 &4), f-block (5f after 7s)

Base Metals

“poor metals”/ post transition metals, among group 13-16, fill p-block

Ionization Energy

energy required to remove an electron from a specific atom

Electron Shielding

outer elections are shielded (repelled) from the nucleus by inner shell electrons

Electron affinity

The energy change that occurs when a neutral atom gains an electron

Ionic Radius

Distance between nucleus and outermost shell in an ion

Electronegativity

The measure of the ability of an atom to attract the electrons when the atom is part of a compound

Properties of an Alkali metals

• Very reactive with oxygen and water

• solid, liquid at just above room temperature

Properties of alkaline earth metals

• less reactive than. alkali metals

• compounds (not found in elemental form of nature)

Properties of noble gases

• chemically inert- stable

• monatomic at room temperature

• not bonded with anything else (found by itself)

• Glow when electric current is passed

Properties of Halogens

• physical properties of a nonmetal

• REACTIVE with group 1 and 2 to form halide salts

• variety of state at room temperature

• not found free in nature

Properties of Transition Metals

• physical metal properties

• vary in reactivity

• less metallic- being vividly colored

Properties of Lanthanides

• physical metal properties

• Similar reactivity to alkaline earth metals

• night vision

Properties of Actinides

• RADIOACTIVE

• decays over time

Properties of Base Metals

• common (more abundant)

• metal properties (but less)

• tend to tarnish, corrode, etc.

• lower melting/boiling point and softer than transition metals