MET EXAM HALF

Gravitational force

The defining property that everything that has mass in the universe is attracted to everything else

Gravity force

The attractive force that pulls everything with mass together

What’s the difference between gravitational force and gravity

Gravity is the phenomenon of attraction while GF is a measurable, quantitative force between two objects

DaVa/Dt = DV/Dt + 2(omega) x V - (omega)²R

Equations of Motion = acceleration + coriolis - centripetal

Base units of the mks metric system

mks (meter/kilogram/second)

What is a derived unit

A quantity determined by multiplying or dividing basic quantities/units

Three conserved quantities

Conservation of mass

Conservation of momentum

Internal energy

Vector V in three dimensions

x,y,z

Whys is the Coriolis acceleration in the vertical ignored even though its magnitude is similar to the horizontal Coriolis acceleration

Because it is negligibly small compared to gravity and other vertical pressure forces

Dot products vs. scalar products

Dot product produces scalar results
Cross product produces scalar results

What are these terms:
DV/DT = -2(omega) x V - 1/(rho) delp + g + Fr

acceleration = coriolis - PGF + gravity + viscous force

What is the difference between the Hydrostatic Equation and Hypsometric Equation

Hydrostatic describes how pressure decreases instantaneously. Hypsometric is derived and is used to calculate the thickness of an atmospheric layer.

What is the effect of the Coriolis force in the Northern Hemisphere

It deflects (turns) to the right

How does the equation Va = V + (omega) x R arise? What is the physical interpretation

It arises from Dar/Dt = Dr/Dt + (omega) x r

If Da/Dt = 0, we say that the scalar A is

conserved

What is the additional apparent force that acts on an object moving on a rotating sphere. Does this change the speed of motion or just direction

The additional force is the coriolis force. This force only changes the direction.

The vector form of teh horizontal pressure gradient force in (x,y,z) or (x,y,p) coordinates

= -1/rho ( idp/dx + jdp/dy)

Identify these terms:
dT/dt = DT/dt - Vx delT

local tendency = total derivative - advection

How is thickness related to layer mean temperature

Thickness is directly proportional to the mean virtual temperature of an atmosphere layer

Geostrophic balance

The state in which the horizontal pressure gradient force is canceled out by the Coriolis force