100 Concepts (61 - 70)

How long is the ejaculatory duct

2 cm

What forms the ejaculatory duct

Union of ductus deferens and duct of seminal esicle

Function of ejaculatory duct

Serves as passage of seminal fluid from ductus deferens to prostatic urethra

Pudendal nerve components

S2-S4

What serves as the principal somatic (motor and sensory) nerve to supply perineum

Pudendal nerve

What does the pudendal nerve pass through to exit the pelvis

Lesser sciatic foramen

The pudendal nerve traverses the pudendal canal on the _____ wall of ischiorectal fossa

lateral

Branches of pudendal nerve

Inferior rectal nerve

Perineal nerve

Dorsal nerve of penis or clitoris

What does the inferior rectal nerve supply

External anal sphincter muscle and skin around anus

What does the deep branch perineal nerve supply

Motor innervation to muscles of urogenital triangle

What does the superficial branch perineal nerve supply

Ctaneous posterior scrotal/labial branches

What does the dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris supply

Body, prepuce, and glans of penis or clitoris

What nerve is targeted during the early points of labor to prepare for an episiotomy

Pudendal nerve

How to anesthetize the pudendal nerve for an episiotomy

Piercing the vaginal wall posterolaterally near the ischial spine

Percutaneously along the medial side fo the ischial tuberosity

Pain from _____ is unaffected by anesthetizing the pudendal nerve because pelvic visceral pain is carried by afferent fibers accompany autonomic nerve fibers

uterine contractions

Artery supplying the pelvic viscera

Internal iliac a

Preganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the pelvic viscera

Sacral parasympathetic n (S2-S4)

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

Postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the pelvic viscera

Terminal ganglia

Preganglioninc sympathetic innervation of the pelvic viscera

IML (T12-L2)

Sacral splanchnic nerves

Postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the pelvic viscera

Inferior hypogastic plexus

Sensory innervation of the pelvic viscera is through what nerve

DRG S2-S4 (with pelvic splanchnic nerves)

Pelvic viscera pain is referred to the

Groin

What facilitates emptying of the bladder

Parasympathetic fibers (pelvic splanchnic nerves)

Somatic motor fibers (pudendal nerve) cause voluntary relaxation of external urethral sphincter

What stimulates DETRUSOR MUSCLE contraction and involuntary relax internal sphincter

Parasympathetic fibers (pelvic splanchnic nerves)

What causes voluntary relaxation of external urethral sphincter

Somatic motor fibers (pudendal nerve)

What inhibits bladder emptying

Sympathetic fibers (sacral splanchnic nerves)

What inhibits detrusor muscle and stimulates internal sphincter

Sympathetic fibers (sacral splanchnic nerves)

Afferent fibrous innervation for erection and ejaculation

Dorsal nerve of penis or clitoris

Pudendal nerve (DRG S2-S4)

What nerves cause an erection

Parasympathetic fibers (S2-S4) from pelvic splanchnic nerves

Somatic motor (S2-S4) fibrous from pudendal nerves

What happens in an erection

Dilation of arteries supplying erectile body of penis

Contraction of ischiocavernois and bulbospngiosus muscle to press the root of the penis and relax external urethral sphincter

What nerves cause ejaculation

Sympathetic fibers (L1-L2) from inferior hypogastric plexus (Sacral splanchnic nerves)

What happens during ejaculation

Contraction of smooth muscle of epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate

Stimulation f internal urethral sphincter to prevent semen from entering hte bladder or urine entering prostatic urethra

What causes rectal incontinence

Weakness of puborectalis part of levator ani muscle

What causes urinary incontinence

Weakness of the external urethral sphincter muscle in the urogenital diaphragm

Undescended testes when the testes fail to descend into the scrotum, normally occurs within 3 months after birht

Cryptorchism

Where might undescended testes be located?

Abdominal cavity

Inguinal canal

In the case of cryptorchism, spermatogenesis is arrested and spermatogenic tissue is damaged leading to

permanent sterility in bilateral cases

Main components of the spermatic cord

Ductus deferens

Testicular artery

Pampiniform plexus

What is the testicular artery a direct branch of

Aorta

What does the right pampiniform plexus drain into

IVC

What does the left pampiniform plexus drain into

left renal vein

Symptoms of testicular torsion

Acute pain and swelling of testes

What lymph nodes does the testis and epididymis drain into

Lumbar lymph nodes

What lymph nodes does the scrotum drain into

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

What lymph nodes does the skin of the penis drain into

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

What lymph nodes does the glans penis drain into

deep inguinal lymph nodes

What lymph nodes does the body and root of hte penis drain into

Internal iliac lymph nodes

What lymph nodes does the prostate gland and bladder drain into

Internal iliac lymph nodes

What lymph nodes does the Anal canal above the pectinate line drain into

Internal iliac lymph nodes

What lymph nodes does the anal canal below the pectinate lune drain into

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

What lymph nodes does the ovary and uterine tubes drain into

Lumbar lymph nodes

What lymph nodes does the lateral angle and teres ligament of the uterus drain into

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

What lymph nodes does the fundus and upper part of the body of the uterus drain into

Lumbar lymph nodes

What lymph nodes does the lower part of the body of the uterus drain into

external iliac lymph nodes

What lymph nodes does the cervix drain into

internal iliac lymph nodes

external iliac lymph nodes

What lymph nodes does the vagina superior to the hymen drain into

internal iliac lymph nodes

external iliac lymph nodes

What lymph nodes does the vagina inferior to the hymen drain into

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

What lymph nodes does all external genitalia (with the exception of glans clitoris) in females drain into

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

What lymph nodes does the glans clitoris drain into

Deep inguinal lymph nodes

What are the uterine arteries a branch off of

internal iliac arteries

The uterine artery crosses the pelvic floor in

cardinal ligament

The uterer passes _____ to the uterine artery

posterior and inferior

The ascending branch of the uterine artery comes along the lateral wall of the uterus within the

broad ligament

During a hysterectomy, the _____ is in the greatest risk because of close relations with uterine artery and cervix of the uterus

ureter

surgical removal of the uterus and may include removing the cervix (total) and the vagina (radical)

hysterectomy

what is left intact in a partial hysterectomy

Blood supply to the ovaries

Ovarian suspensory ligament

Ovaran artery and vein

What nerves may be impacted in a total hysterectomy

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

if the Pelvic splanchnic nerves are affected in a total hysterectomy, what are the clinical symptoms

Bladder dysfunction

What part of the uterine tube pierces the uterine wall to open into the uterine cavity

uterine part

what part of the uterine tube is the narrowest

isthmus

which part of the uterine tube is the sit of fertilization

ampulla

funnel shaped expansion of the lateral end of the uterine tube with fringed fimbriae to recieve the oocyte

infundibulum

instillation of viscous iodine through external os of the uterine cervix allowing the lumen of the cervical canal, uterine cavity, and parts of the uterine tube to be visualized on XR

Hysterosalpingography