L&M Skill Memory

Cerebellum

corrdination and precision

Motor Cortex

voluntary movement control

Basal Ganglia

habit formation and movement patterns

Skill

the ability to perform a task

Perceptual-Motor Skill

Physical movement + coordination

Perceptual-Motor Example

Fingerstyle Guitar

Cognitive Skill

Mental processing and problem solving

Cognitive Example

Tower of Hanoi / Chess

Closed Skill

fixed and reheased

Example of a Closed Skill

Choreographed dance

Open Skill

flexiable and unpredictive

Diminishing Returns

Rapid improvement at first, then plateau

How to improve from diminishing returns

change approach or technique or increase feedback

Feedback helps…

helps adjust and refine performance

Shaping

builds complex skills by combining smaller behaviors

Massed Practice

practice a lot in a short time

Spaced Practice

practice over longer periods

Constant Practice

same skill, same conditions

Variable Practice

different conditions, improves adaptability

Expertise

skills become automatic and fluid - Based on implicit memory

Talent

partly innate, can be improved through training

Cognitive Stage

1) requires active thinking

Associative Stage

2) Improving, but not smooth yet

Autonomous Stage

3) Automatic, smooth, resistant to distractions