Temple LE anatomy boards

What structures traverse the greater sciatic foramen

Superior gluteal nerve, artery, and vein

Inferior gluteal nerve, artery and vein

Piriformis muscle

Pudendals (internal pudendal a and vein, pudendal n)

Posterior femoral cutaneous n

Sciatic n

Nerve to obturator internus

Nerve to quadratus femoris

What structures traverse the lesser sciatic foramen

Obturator internus tendon

Pudendal a, n, and v

Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus

Name the muscles that originate from the ischial tuberosity

Inferior gemellus

Semimembranosus (superolateral part)

Conjoined tendon of Semi-tendinosus and long head of biceps femoris

Quadratus femoris (lateral edge)

Adductor magnus (inferolateral part)

What are the borders of the femoral triangle

Base: Inguinal ligament

Medial border: Adductor longus

Lateral border: Sartorius

Floor: Pectineus & iliopsoas

Roof: Fascia lata

What are the contents of the femoral triangle

Lateral to medial

Lateral femoral cutaneous n of the thigh

Femoral n

Femoral branch of the genitofemoral n

Femoral a

Femoral v

What structures are enclosed in the femoral sheath

Lateral to medial

Femoral branch of the genitofemoral N

Femoral A

Vemoral V

Femoral canal composed of Empty space and Lymphatics

What is the saphenous hiatus

Opening in the fascia lata through which the great saphenous vein drains into the femoral nerve

What are the borders of the adductor canal

Anterior: Sartorius

Posterior: Adductor longus & Adductor magnus

Lateral: Vastus medialis

What are the contents of the adductor canal

Femoral a

Femoral v

Saphenous n

Nerve to vastus medialis

What is the relationship of the popliteal artery to the vein at the adductor hiatus

At the adductor hiatus, the popliteal artery is medial to the popliteal v

What are the borders of the popliteal fossa: Superomedial

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

What are the borders of the popliteal fossa: Superolateral

Biceps femoris

What are the borders of the popliteal fossa: Inferomedial

Medial head of the gastrocnemius

What are the borders of the popliteal fossa: Inferolateral

Lateral head of the gastrocnemius

Floor of the popliteal fossa

Popliteal surface of the femur

Knee joint capsule

Oblique popliteal ligament

Roof of the popliteal fossa

Popliteal fascia

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa

Nerves:

- Tibial n

- Common peroneal n

- Posterior cutaneous n of the thigh

Arteries & Veins

- Small saphenous v

Popliteal v

Popliteal a

Lymph nodes:

- Superficial & deep popliteal lymph nodes

A patient presents with a fracture of the distal femur. XR reveals a posteriorly displaced fracture fragment. What structure are you most concerned about?

Popliteal a

Deepest structure in popliteal fossa

Popliteal a

What is the fabella

Sesamoid bone within the lateral head of the gastrocneumis m

The peroneal artery is found in what compartment of the leg

Deep posterior compartment

Major branch of the posterior tibial artery

Peroneal a

The peroneal artery travels

distally between the posterior surface of the fibula and anterior surface of the FHL

Which muscles in the leg have origins from both the tibia and fibula

Soleus

Tibialis posterior

Extensor digitorum longus

Name the muscles that arise solely from either the tibia

Flexor digitorum longus

TIbialis anterior

Name the muscles that arise solely from either the fibula

Flexor hallucis longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Peroneus tertius

Peroneus longus

Peroneus brevis

What structures compose the compartments of the tarsal tunnel

Compartment 1: Tibialis posterior tendon

Compartment 2: FDL tendon

Compartment 3: Posterior tibial artery, veins, and tibial nerve

Compartment 4: Flexor Hallucis Longus tendon

What forms the medial and posterior borders of the tarsal tunnel

Flexor retinaculum

What forms the anterior border of the tarsal tunnel

Tibia

What forms the lateral border of the tarsal tunnel

Tibia

Talus

Calcaneus

What is the porta pedis

Space at the distal end of the tarsal tunnel between the calcaneus and the abductor hallucis muscle

What is the anterior border of Kager's triangle

Flexor hallucis longus

Deep transverse intermuscular septum

What is the posterior border of Kager's triangle

Achilles tendon

What is the base (inferior) border of Kager's triangle

Superior surface of the calcaneal body

A disruption of Kager's triangle on lateral XR is shown with what pathology

Achilles tendon rupture

What are the named arteries found relative to their similarly named nerve

Medial plantar artery - Medial to medial plantar nerve

Lateral plantar artery - Lateral to lateral plantar nerve

Where would you palpate the deep peroneal nerve for injection of an ankle block

At the level of the ankle joint lateral to the tibialis anterior tendon

Where does the superficial peroneal nerve pierce the crural fascia to become cutaneous

In the inferior 1/3 of the leg, approximately 10cm proximal to the summit of the lateral malleolus

Name the structures that contribute to plantar pads of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints

Plantar fascia

Deep transverse intermetatarsal ligament

Suspensory ligaments

Plantar metatarsophalangeal ligament

Transverse head of adductor hallucis

What portions of the plantar pads originate from the transverse head of adductor hallucis

3-5

Are the dorsal interosseous muscles of above or below the level of the deep transverse intermetatarsal ligament

Dorsal (above)

The four bipennate dorsal interossei arise from the _____

lateral side of the metatarsal shafts

The first dorsal interossei muscle arises from the _____

medial side of the second metatarsal

Are the plantar interosseous muscles above or below the level of the deep transverse intermetatarsal ligament

Dorsal (above)

Are the lumbrical muscles above or below the level of the deep transverse intermetatarsal ligament

Plantar (below)

Lumbrical origin

Medial borders fo the individual tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Insertion of lumbricals

Extensor wing

The great tarsal synovial cavity is formed by what joints

Cuneonavicular joints (x3)

Intercuneiform joints (x2)

Cuneocuboid joint (x1)

Intermediate tarsometatarsal joints (x4)

Proximal intermetatarsal joints (x2)

You are repairing an ankle fracture and plan to make a posterolateral incision. What neurovascular structures should be you conscious of

Small saphenous v

Sural n

You want to make an antero-medial incision on the ankle. What neurovascular structures should you be conscious of

Great saphenous v

Saphenous n

What kind of joint is the hip

Compound synovial

Ball-and-socket

What kind of joint is the knee

Modified synovial hinge

What kind of joint is the ankle

Modified synovial hinge

What is a "modified" joint

Motion at the joint is not strictly within a single plane

What is a hinge joint also known as

Ginglymus

What two joint types make up the sacroiliac joint

Synovial plane (auricular surface)

Fibrous (tuberosity)

What are the key ligaments of the SI joint

Ventral sarcoiliac ligaments

Interosseous sacroiliac ligament

Dorsal sacroiliac ligaments

The sciatic foramina are formed by which two ligaments

Sacrotuberous

Sacrospinous

What does the sacrotuberous ligament connect

Medial edge of ischial tiberosity

PSIS

PIIS

Lateral sacral crest

Coccyx

What does the sacrospinous ligament run from

Ischial spine

Lateral edge of the sacrum and coccyx

Which is deeper: Sacrospinous ligament or Sacrotuberous ligament

Sacrospinous

What is the function of the labrum of the hip joint

Deepens the cup of the acetabulum to make a better for the femoral head

The acetabular ligament is a near complete circle except for what portion, which is covered by what ligament

Acetabular notch covered by the transverse acetabular ligament

The transverse acetabular ligament is a ___ structure

intracapsular

The ligament to the head of the femur is a _____ structure

intracapsular

where is the ligament to the head of the femur

Acetabular notch

Fovea capitis

What portion of the femoral head lacks hyaline cartilage

Fovea capitis

What are the capsular ligaments of the hip joint

Iliofemoral

Ischofemoral

Pubofemoral

The iliofemoral ligament resists what actions

Extension

External rotation

Adduction

The ischiofemoral ligament resists what actions

Extension

Internal rotation

Adduction

The pubofemoral ligament resists what actions

Extension

Abduction

Strongest ligament in the hip

Iliofemoral

In what position is teh hip joint most likely to dislocate

Posteriorly when it is flexed, Adducted, and internally rotated

What are the important EXTRA capsular ligaments of the knee

Medial collateral ligament

Lateral collateral ligament

The MCL resists what motion

Abdcution

The LCL resists what motion

Adduction

What ligament of hte posterior capsule of the knee is a continuation fo the semi-membranosus tendon

Oblique popliteal ligament

Function of the oblique popliteal ligament

Resists hyperextension

Which important structures fo the knee are both INTRA-capsular and INTRA-synovial

Medial and lateral menisci

Which part of the menisci are avascular

centrally

Which part fo the menisci are vascular

peripherally

What are the menisci attached to and by what structures

Tibial plateau via coronary ligaments

Which menisci is smaller

lateral

Which menisci is more circular

lateral

Describe the movements of the menisci in knee extension

Slide anteriorly (forward)

"extend the hand forward"

Describe the movements of the menisci in knee flexion

Slide posteriorly (backwards)

"flex and fight to move backwards"

What are the important INTRA-capsular, but EXTA-synovial ligaments of the knee

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

Orientation of the anterior cruciate ligament

Posteriorly and externally from tibia to femur

Orientation of the posterior cruciate ligament

Anteriorly and internally tibia to femur

Actions resisted by the ACL

Extension

Internal roation

Anterior translation of tibia on femur

Actions resisted by the PCL

Flexion

Internal rotation

Posterior translation of tibia on femur

Which is stronger: ACL or PCL

PCL

What is the "unhappy triad"

MCL

Media meniscus

ACL

Which mensicus is more commonly involved in an injury involving the MCL and ACL

lateral

What muscle is responsible for "unlocking" the knee joint at the beginning of flexion

Popliteus

Is the knee joint most stable in extension or flexion

Extension

Is the hip joint most stable in extension or flexion

Extension

Orientation of the tibial articular facet at the superior tibiofibular joint

Lateral condyle and is oriented postero-infero-lateral

how are the fibers of the crural interosseous membrane oriented

Inferolateral direction from the tibia to the fibula

What are the ligaments that make up the tibiofibular syndesmosis

Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

Interosseous ligament

Inferior transverse ligament