Cold war 4

Show the increase in communism as a politicial force in America in the 1920s?

The CPUSA (American Communist Party) had existed since 1919 and it had had 80,000 during the Great Depression in the 1920's.

How many members did the CPUSA have in 1950?

5000 active members (around 1000 may have been FBI informers!) in 1950.

Show the growth of communism in America through their institutions?

Organisations such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) investigated anyone thought to be associated with communism.

Who were arrested in 1950 for being spys?

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were arrested for spying for the USSR and passing on secrets about the atomic bomb.

Who was Joseph MaCarthy?

A wisconsin senator, in 1953 Eisenhower gave him a committee role

What did Joseph MaCcarthy claim in 1950?

claimed in 1950 to know around 205 Communists working within the US Government

What committee investigated communism?

The House Un-American Activities Committee investigated anyone suspected of Communist activity. This included having close links to Communists or previously showing an interest in Communism

What happened to people who were suspected of being communists?

Those suspected of Communist sympathies were removed from their jobs, blacklisted and had their passport removed.

How many people were in the hollywood blacklist?

320 people

Who were the "hollywood ten?"

The 10 people who refused to give evidence on communist activity They were found guilty of contempt and imprisoned for 6 to 12 months.

What did the work of MaCcarthy lead to?

10,000 people losing their jobs.

When was MacCarthy removed from the senate?

1954

What newspapers went against MaCcarthyism?

Quality newspapers like the Washington Post and New York Times produced balanced articles that damaged his credibility.

What TV show dedicated an entire programme to attack McCarthy?

"see it now."

From 1947-1950 how many people were investigated and charged of being communist?

around 3 million were investigated. While no one was charged, 212 were said to be security risks.

Show that the USA were worried about the increase in communist thought?

"Asia first," move with increasingly agressive policies, Eisenhowers increased defence spending

Show the impact of MacCarthyism?

led criticism of Truman over the loss of China 1949. Potentially led to Truman agreeing to NSC -68 in Sept 1950, Eisenhower's tough policies of Roll back and liberation were influenced by McCarthyism, may have also influenced alliance the USA's decision to with Taiwan in 1954

Where was the UN HQ?

New york, the UN were seen as the "global policeman," the symbol of international justice

Who were the origonal members of the UN?

50 members, mainly capitalist south american countries (20 of them) aswell as coutries from Asia for instance India and Greece. They therefore all supported the capitalist decision and therefore this thought dominated

Who were the members of the UN security council?

USA, UK, USSR, Taiwann and France

How many times from 1949 to 1955 did the USSR veto laws?

75 times

What is the new look policy?

maintaining the vitality of the US economy via an increased reliance upon nuclear weapons and using the CIA to strengthen alliances

What was the roll back strategy?

Pushing back against communism rather than just pushing it back (more agressive policy)

What did "more bang for your buck" mean?

Increasing the budget of the air force and for nuclear weapons when also cutting spending on the army, Navy

What was massive retaliation?

The build up of US nuclear weapons to deter countries from entering in a war with the USA as it is not worth their time

What is Brinkmanship?

Convince enemies that in any armed conflict with the USA that they will use nuclear weapons so that the countries back down.

Give a statistic that shows that Eisenhower was committed to "more bang for your buck."

Eisenhower spent just 12% of GDP on defence spending

Show how Eisenhower used his policy of Brinkmanship?

In 1955 congress enacted the farmosa resolution by which the Americans could use any means necessary to protect the people of Taiwan, this threat of nuclear war made China behave

When was the first nuclear weapon used and where?

6th August 1945 the USA used their atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end the Second World War

What was the USA nuclear bomb nicknamed?

Trinity

When did the USSR test their first nuclear bomb?

September 1949

What are ICBMs?

Intercontinental ballistic missile, a long range missile

When did the USA develop their ICBM?

1956

When did the USSR develop their ICBM?

1957

When did the USSR develop their SLBM?

1955

What are SLBMs

Submarine launched ballistic missile

What is Sputnik?

The first artificial space satellite launched via ICBMs

When did the USSR launch Sputnik?

1957

When did the USA launch Explorer 1?

1958

What is Explorer 1?

The USAs version of Sputnik, an artificial space satellite

Why did Truman decide to drop an atomic bomb on Japan?

To end the War quickly, stop the Soviets from gaining any more power over Japan

How many tones of TNT did the USAs nuclear bomb have?

15,000

How many people did the bomb at Hiroshima kill?

100,000

How many people did the bomb at Nagasaki kill?

70,000

When did the USA test their first hydrogen bomb?

November 1952

When did the USSR test their first hydrogen bomb?

1953 in august

When was Sputnik launched?

31st January 1958

When do the USA launch their first nuclear submarine?

June 1959

In 1950 how many warheads did the Soviets have?

5

In 1950 how many warheads did the USA have?

299

In 1955 how many warheads did the Soviets have?

200

In 1955 how many warheads did the USA have?

2,422

In 1960 how many warheads did the USA have?

18,638

In 1960 how many warheads did the USSR have?

1,700

Who is the first man in space?

Yuri Gagarin

When does Yuri Gagarin enter space?

12th April 1961

When and who is the first American man in space?

Alan Shepard and in May 1961

In May 1961 what does President Kennedy pledge?

To have a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s

Who and when was the first space walk?

Alexey Leonov in 1965

What is the name of the USSR spacecraft that soft landed on the moon and when?

February 1966 called Luna 9

When and what is the first manned spacecraft to orbit the moon?

Apollo 8 in December 1968

When and who are the first men to walk on the moon?

20th June 1969 Apollo 11 and Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walk on the moon

When and who lands on Venus?

December 1970 and it is the USSRs Venera 7

When and what is the first manned spacecraft station?

April 1971 Salyut 1

When and who soft lands on Mars?

December 1971, USSR mars 3

When does the space race end?

17th July 1972 because the USSR and the US Apollo spacecraft dock together

Give evidence that shows that despite the USA brinkmanship policy they were not committed to nuclear?

Nuclear weapons were not used in either the Korean or the Vietnam war

What was the Gaither report?

Argued that the USSR were ahead in the arms race and that there was a nuclear gap between the two countries. The west was in face ahead

When did Eisenhower send nuclear missiles to Britain and NATO countries?

1957

When was NATO established?

1958

What was Kennedys policy for the arms race?

A more flexible response, balanced deterrence, he was committed to containment but wanted the USAs nuclear arsenal to be used for emergencies allowing the USA to respond to threats

What is MAD and when was it introduced?

1960s due to a recognition that a nuclear war is unwinnable, therefore Mutually assured destruction was adopted

What was the Soviet propaganda pushed by Khrushchev?

"Wage and win." That the Soviets were and are capable of winning a nuclear war, as shown by Sputnik and their developments in the arms race