zoo lab 3 (phyla porifera + cnidaria)

what types of animals are in phylum porifera?

sponges

grantia taxonomy (phylum, genus)

phylum porifera, genus grantia

what types of animals are in phylum cnidaria? (3)

hydras, jellyfish, anemones

hydra taxonomy (phylum, class, genus)

phylum cnidaria, class hydrozoa, genus hydra

obelia taxonomy (phylum, class, genus)

phylum cnidaria, class hydrozoa, genus obelia

aurelia taxonomy (phylum, class, genus)

phylum cnidaria, class scyphozoa, genus aurelia

metridium taxonomy (phylum, class, genus)

phylum cnidaria, class anthozoa, genus metridium

what type of animals are in class scyphozoa?

jellyfish

what type of animals are in class anthozoa?

anemones

about how long ago did phylum porifera first originate?

600 million years

all sponges live in ___ environments

aquatic

do the majority of sponges live in marine or freshwater environments?

marine

sponges lack true ___

tissues

sponge body symmetry

asymmetry

what are sponge skeletons made of?

spicules

what are spicules made of?

silica, calcium carbonate

4 basic cell types in sponges

amoebocytes, pinacocytes, porocytes, choanocytes

amoebocyte description and function

mobile, distribute food, can transform into different cell types

pinacocyte description and function

outer cells, contract/expand to change sponge size

porocyte description and function

pore cells, bring water from incurrent to radial canal

choanocyte description and function

flagellated, trap and phagocytize food, create water current

how do sponges eat?

filter feeding

sponge ostia

pores where water enters

osculum

hole at top of sponge that lets water out

spongocoel

open cavity in middle of sponge

waterflow sequence through sponge (7 steps/locations)

in through ostia, incurrent canal, porocytes, radial canal, apopyle, spongocoel, out through osculum

a sponge’s radial canal is lined with these cells

choanocytes

apopyle

opening where water flows from radial canal to spongocoel

3 types of sponge canal systems (from least to most complex)

asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid

what area of asconoid sponges is flagellated?

spongocoel

what area of syconoid sponges is flagellated?

radial canals

what area of leucoid sponges is flagellated?

chambers

how do sponges get rid of waste?

flows out of osculum

how do majority of sponges reproduce?

asexual budding

some freshwater sponges produce ___ for reproduction during dry periods

gemmules

what is a gemmule?

hollow spicule ball containing amoebocyte

spongin fiber description

derived from sponges, used commercially

phylum cnidaria were the first animals with ___ tissues

true

cnidarians are diploblastic, meaning they have these 2 tissue layers

epidermis, gastrodermis

how do cnidarians eat?

sting prey, digest in gastrovascular cavity

what cells are unique to cnidarians?

cnidocytes

what do cnidocytes do and how?

sting by shooting out nematocyst

do cnidarians have a small or large gastrovascular cavity?

large

cnidarian body symmetry

radial

instead of a central nervous system, cnidarians have a…

nerve net

if a nerve net contracts, it can act similarly to…

muscles

2 basic body forms of cnidarians

polyp, medusa

polyp description

mouth and tentacles at top, stalk attaches to substrate

medusa description

mouth and tentacles at bottom

what is a planula?

ciliated cnidarian larva

what 2 structures stick closely together, especially in anemones? (G)

gut, gonads

general location of gastrovascular cavity in cnidarians

central

hydrozoans primarily have this body form

polyp

where are cnidocytes located?

tentacles

all cnidarians have this type of skeleton

hydrostatic

what makes up a hydrostatic skeleton?

muscles push against fluid-filled body

manubrium

tissue that supports mouth in hydrozoan medusae

some jellyfish and hydrozoans can ____ body forms

alternate

hydranth function and appearance

feeding, looks like anemone

gonangium function and appearance

asexual reproduction, looks like stalk filled with discs

reproduction in hydrozoan polyps

gonangium asexually produces medusa buds

reproduction in hydrozoan medusae

sexual reproduction makes polyps

scyphozoans primarily have this body form

medusa

hypostome (in hydrozoa)

elevated tissue that regulates mouth opening

coenosarc

common chamber for digestion and nutrient sharing in hydrozoa

perisarc

outer covering of hydrozoa

scyphozoan reproduction (4 steps)

medusae reproduce sexually to form zygote, planula develops and settles into polyp, forms strobila, develops back into medusa

strobila

stage of jellyfish development that looks like stacked cups

ephyra

baby jellyfish medusa

oral arm function

defense, prey capture

marginal tentacle functions (jellyfish)

sensory, defense, movement

gastric pouch (jellyfish)

1/4 gastrovascular cavity divisions used for digestion

scyphozoan radial canals

distribute nutrients from gastric pouch throughout body

scyphozoan circular canals

distribute food from gastric pouch to outer body

anthozoans are exclusively this body form

polyp

anthozoan muscle location and function

in primary septa, change shape and height

pedal disc function

attach to substrate, allow gliding

anthozoan mouths are surrounded by this structure

oral disc

what is in between an anemone’s mouth and gastrovascular cavity?

pharynx

anthozoan guts are lined with their…

gonads

acontia location and function

at bottom, can extend through mouth to pull down prey

___ connect the “rooms” created by septa

ostia

secondary septum function

increase surface area for digestion

primary septa are __, secondary septa are __

complete, incomplete

anthozoan reproduction (3 steps)

female and male anemones create zygote, planula develops and settles, new polyp formed

how do cnidarians form zygotes?

sperm and egg sent out into water

where do cnidarians take in food and get rid of waste?

mouth