Forensics: DNA Fingerprinting Test & Blood/blood spatter Quiz

Electrophoresis

A method of separating DNA fragments according to their size and charge using an electric current passed through a gel containing the samples

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A method used to make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA from a very small amount of DNA.

DNA probe

A molecule labeled with a radioactive isotope, dye, or enzyme that is used to locate a particular sequence or gene on a DNA molecule.

Restriction Enzyme

A special protein that targets a specific base sequence and cuts DNA into smaller fragments.

Chromosome

An organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells that contains the genetic code of an individual

Gene

Encoded DNA, with directions to build molecules

DNA Fingerprints

Patterns of DNA fragments obtained by examining a person’s unique sequence of DNA base pairs.

Exons

Segments of DNA in a chromosome that contains information used to produce a protein

Genome

The total amount of DNA in a cell

Introns

Un-encoded DNA, that does not code for the production of molecules but functions in gene splicing

The process of DNA fingerprinting was invented by:

Alec Jeffreys

DNA fingerprinting was first invented for the purpose of:

Paternity testing

DNA evidence is considered what type of evidence?

Individual

Most human cells have how many chromosomes?

46

DNA is what shape?

Double Helix

The sides of the helix, referred to as the backbone of DNA, are made up of:

alternating sugar and phosphate molecules

DNA is found in what two organelles?

Nucleus and Mitochondria

Adenine pairs with?

Thymine

Cytosine pairs with?

guanine

What sugar is found in DNA

Deoxyribose

The human genome consists of approximately how many base pairs?

Three billion

Introns are also referred to as:

Junk DNA

Mitochondrial DNA is different from nuclear DNA because:

It is inherited from the mother and it is in the shape of a circular loop

Introns make up what percent of the human genome?

25%

The non-coded segments of DNA that contain unique patterns of repeated base sequences that are unique to individuals are called:

Polymorphisms

DNA sequences that repeat and are 9 to 80 bases in length are called?

VNTR (Variable Number Tandem Repeats)

What enzyme is used during PCR to pair complementary bases to the template strand?

DNA Polymerase

During gel electrophoresis, electrodes are added so that:

The negative end is near the wells; the positive end is opposite the wells. & DNA fragments travel toward the positive end

During PCR, the temperature is increased separate DNA strands, this step is called:

Denaturation

During PCR, the temp is decreased to allow primers to base pair with the complementary DNA template, this step is called:

Annealing

Which of the following is true about gel electrophoresis?

Smaller DNA fragments move faster and farther than larger DNA fragments

During PCR, what three materials are mixed with the crime scene DNA?

Free nucleotides, DNA polymerase, primers